阿美語詞彙重音的音韻分析

A Phonological Analysis of Lexical Stress in Amis

本文探討阿美語及撒奇萊雅語的詞彙重音特徵。聲學證據顯示，詞末音節為語音上最顯著的位置，顯示詞彙重音對齊韻律詞右緣。結構上，阿美語詞彙重音呈現三種音韻型態（H* L𝜔、H* L%、H*L），並包含三項理論含意：第一，必然性與單峰性原則確保每個韻律詞僅帶一重音；第二，詞彙重音的完整型態由高調（H*）加上一低調組成，且在不同方言間有所差異；第三，疑問句語調係詞彙重音與語句重音在上述約束下的交互作用之結果。本文分析的引示，疑問句語調由中層或高層的聲調目標決定，而非僅為詞彙重音的移位。

This paper examines lexical stress in three Amis dialects. Acoustic evidence shows that the word-final syllable is the most prominent, indicating that lexical stress aligns with the right edge of the prosodic word. Structurally, lexical stress manifests in three phonological forms (H* L𝜔, H* L%, and H* L) and entails three theoretical implications: (1) Obligatoriness and culminativity ensure that each prosodic word bears only one stress; (2) the full form consists of a starred high tone (H*) followed by a low tone, varying across dialects; and (3) the interrogative contour arises from the interaction of lexical and sentential stress under these constraints. The findings further indicate that interrogative intonation is conditioned by tonal targets from domains above the prosodic word, rather than being reducible to stress shift.