身體活動介入對智能障礙者執行功能影響之敘述性文獻回顧

A narrative literature review on the effects of physical activity interventions on executive function in individuals with intellectual disabilities

身體活動對執行功能的影響已被廣泛研究，但針對智能障礙者的相關研究仍相對稀少。本文以文獻回顧方式探討身體活動介入對智能障礙者執行功能的影響。結果顯示，不同類型和強度的身體活動對執行功能次成分產生不同程度的正向效果。中等強度的急性運動主要提升工作記憶與抑制控制，但在認知彈性及較高階的執行功能尚未有較充分的證據。而慢性運動的研究當中，球類運動項目在改善執行功能的效果更為全面。儘管如此，本研究仍存在一些局限性，如參與者年齡範圍有限、評估工具的適用性問題及介入方式的多樣性不足。此外，不同致障成因（如一般智能障礙及唐氏症）導致的個體差異尚未被全面考量。未來研究應擴大樣本及年齡範圍，並發展多樣化運動的介入模式，深入了解身體活動介入對不同執行功能次成分的影響。這些研究將有助於設計出合適的運動介入策略，為智能障礙者的日常生活與社會適應能力提供更有力的理論支持。

The effects of physical activity on executive functions have been extensively studied, but research focusing on individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) remains relatively scarce. This study examined the effects of physical activity interventions on executive functions in individuals with IDs. Findings indicated that various types and intensities of physical activities positively affect different components of executive functioning to varying degrees. Specifically, acute moderateintensity exercise enhanced working memory and inhibitory control, but there was insufficient evidence regarding its impact on cognitive flexibility and higher-order executive functions. In studies on chronic exercise, ball-related exercises showed more comprehensive improvements in executive function. Nevertheless, existing studies have limitations, including restricted age range of participants, issues with assessment tool applicability, and insufficient diversity in intervention methods. Moreover, individual differences due to varying etiologies of disability have not been comprehensively considered. Future research should expand the age range of samples, develop more suitable assessment tools for individuals with IDs, and explore diverse exercise intervention modalities to examine their effects on various components of executive function. These studies contribute to the development of more recommended physical activity intervention strategies, providing stronger theoretical support for enhancing daily living and social adaptation skills in individuals with IDs.