運動員正念與心理健康：情緒調節歷程整合模型

Athlete mindfulness and mental health: An integrated model of emotion regulation process

近年來，正念特質選手與心理健康在學界引起高度關注，但多數研究皆從基本心理需求視角切入，較少從情緒調節視角討論前述關係。本研究目的旨在探討正念特質與心理健康關係。基於擴展歷程情緒調節模型與擴展與建構理論推導出七個研究命題，提出正念調節意義整合模型說明正念特質與心理健康歷程，包含歷程一與歷程二。歷程一為正念特質選手在面對當下情境會先啟動情緒調節目標達到情緒狀態（識別），接著選擇並執行認知改變策略（選擇與執行），重新解讀當下情境來達到平靜體驗（如認知再評估）。持續循環，由監控階段評估調節效果是否需要維持、轉換及停止（監控階段）。歷程二則是，一旦選手從新的視角看待當下情境時，選手能將注意力集中於正向訊息，從而體驗到更多正向情緒，進而從運動中獲得深層意義，最終隨著時間推移改善心理健康。本研究為正念特質與心理健康關係提供新理論視角，強調情緒調節歷程是正念特質選手與心理健康核心，唯有了解自己情緒想達到情緒狀態才能選擇與執行符合當下情境策略，隨著時間推移擴大認知再評估益處，最後改善心理健康。總之，本研究模型也提供實務應用價值（如結合正念與情緒調節以培養正念特質選手），並指明未來研究方向（如透過縱貫性研究檢驗此模型）。

In recent years, there has been significant attention directed towards the association between trait mindfulness and mental health. While studies have extensively explored the relationship between trait mindfulness and mental health through the lens of basic psychological needs, the role of emotion regulation within this relationship remains unclear. The study aims to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and mental health. Based on the extended process model of emotion regulation (EPM) and the broaden-and-build theory (B&B theory), we propose seven propositions that form an integrated model of mindfulness regulation meaning (IMMRM), which establishes a link between trait mindfulness and mental health. The model contains two processes, including the first and second processes. The former refers to athletes with high levels of trait mindfulness activating an emotion regulation goal to experience a certain emotion while facing moment-by-moment situations. This can then lead to choosing cognitive change and implementing this strategy to reach this goal (selection and implementation), namely, improving the experience of emotion through reinterpreting the situation. Three stages of the regulation process loops recur and are monitored in the monitoring stages of emotion regulation, whether to stop, switch, or maintain following initial implementation. The latter refers to when the player views the situation from an alternative perspective; they are better able to focus on positive information, thereby facilitating the experience of more favorable emotions. Over time, this leads to a more profound meaning of the realm of the sport and improves mental health. Our research offers researchers and practitioners an alternative perspective, emphasizing that the emotion regulation process is the key mechanism. It is only after this thorough evaluation that they can determine strategies that are congruent with the present circumstances, amplifying the benefits of cognitive reappraisal over time and ultimately improving their mental health. In conclusion, our model has implications for practice (e.g., how to combine mindfulness and emotion regulation to foster trait mindfulness in athletes) and also offers potential avenues for future research (testing our model through a longitudinal study).