中國古典夢文學的追尋意識

The Questing Consciousness of Ancient Chinese Dream Literature

夢，是人類的一種既特殊又普遍的精神活動。在漫長的歷史演進中，隨著文明社會的發展，人對夢的探索歷經了從疑惑、恐懼到理性分析的過程；夢不僅和人類思維共存，其與原始宗教、文化發展都有密切的關係。然而，文學裡所要呈現的夢又是什麼呢？文學表述的夢並非潛意識的扭曲與再現，而是作者有意識的創造：作者要透過一個條理井然的夢境故事（入夢、歷夢、出夢），來寄託某種情懷、表達某個人生意義，或者諷刺某些現實。文學之夢，是作者構思的一個或追尋、或試煉、或喻世的人生版圖。本文以「追尋」的觀點切入，從「卜辭占夢」這個最古老的夢觀談起，探索原始先民入夢尋求神蹟、洞悉未來的集體心態，繼而在「因情成夢」這一部分討論文學家如何藉著寫夢來寬慰、滿足現世的情感和慾望，最後站在哲理的立場思考「人生如夢」的作品所揭示並啟迪眾生的超越意義。

Dream is a special and general spiritual action of mankind. In the long history, with the development of civilized society, man's exploration of dream evolve through from doubt, fear to rational analysis. Dream not only coexist with human thinking, but also closely concern with primitive religion and cultural development. But, what is the appearance of dream in literature? Dream in literature is not the misrepresentation and reappearance of subconsciousness, it is author's conscious writing: the author will place some feelings, express some meaning of life, or mock some reality through a regular dream story. The dream in literature is the territory of life which author quest, test, or warn. "Quest" is the viewpoint of this paper. I wrote it from the most ancient dream-view "augur dream", and explored the collective mentality of primitive people who quest for gods and know future in dream. Second, I discussed how author comforts and satisfies his feeling and desire by writing dream in the section of "dream because of love". Finally, I deliberated the exceeding meaning grom the literature of "life as dream".