梁漱溟的鄉村建設思想

Research of Liang Shu-Ming's Thought in Rural Community Construction

梁漱溟是著名的鄉村工作者，他認為要解決中國之農民貧困、農村凋蔽、社會破壞、政治動盪的問題，必須從中國社會本身尋找問題的解決方案，此即鄉村建設運動，從鄉村培養起一種團體組織及過團體生活的能力與習慣。即以固有的倫理情誼為基礎，採取合作的方式，透過村學鄉學，在政治、經濟、教育、社會等方面得到全面的澈底解決。因而梁漱溟亦將其從事的鄉村建設運動，稱為中國民族自救運動之最後覺悟。本文即在探討當時鄉村所面對的問題及梁漱溟所提出的對策，特別是其試圖號召知識份子的自覺參與鄉村工作及對農民精神陶煉的重視具意義。其內容則探討：1.鄉村問題的背景。2.創造新文化與救活舊農村。3.重建社會組織。4.農民自覺與知識份子的作用。5.促興農業引發工業。5.倫理本位與職業分立。7.政教合一的鄉約。8.村學鄉學。最後說明梁漱溟在推動鄉村建設運動中所顯示出的個人的道德使命感。

The purpose of this research is to study Liang Shu-Ming's thought in rural community construction. Liang Shu-Ming is famous as a conductor in rural community construction. It is the best way to go into rural community construction to solve the issues in peasants' poverty, rural community effeteness, society in a state of anarchy, and political upheaval. He proposed to form organizations to enhance abilities and practices depending on ethical basis for people in community through concurrently establishing education at school. The movement driven by Liang Shu-Ming is called definitive awakening to rescue Chinese people. This research presents the contemporary issues in the community and the policies offered by Liang Shu-Ming, especially including the contributions to call on the intellectual to participate in the movement voluntarily and to cultivate the peasants' consciousness. It can be sorted into eight aspects: 1. background for the issues 2. creating new culture and reforming the community 3. rebuilding social organization 4. interaction between the peasants and the intellectual 5. promotion of industry for stepping up agriculture 6. ethics and discreteness of profession 7. covenant for unification of politics and religion 8. expectations for education in community. More importantly, Liang Shu-Ming expresses his vocation to Confucian morals in the movement for rural community construction.