疫病下的工人治理：從監控到保護的越南勞動總工會

VGCL’s Worker Governance under The Epidemic: From Surveillance to Protection

Joe Buckley認為COVID-19疫病流行時期，越南勞動總工會與工人之間的雙元結構（dual structure）勞資關係，使得工人能有效回應疫病帶來的衝擊。本文以此觀點，檢視越南勞動總工會在疫病流行期間頒布的各項救助政策，分析經濟區工會主席以及越南台資與中資企業的工會幹部、台籍幹部、越南籍幹部與越南籍員工有關COVID-19的訪談紀錄，和越南新聞媒體的相關報導，發現越南勞動總工會的工人治理模式在疫病流行時期，由監控轉換為保護與服務。因為工會的工作內容，是保護工人的疫病防疫的教育訓練與宣導、整備與發放防疫物資、員工關懷與慰問、頒布發放補助款決議、配合防疫中心（CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）、人民委員會與醫院或其他單位執行疫病相關作業、協調員工安全需求與企業生產需求之間的平衡、幫助工人請領各項疫病補助物資與款項，這些作為降低疫病對工人造成的負面影響。而越南工人以行動捍衛本身的薪資公平與生命安全，透過向企業工會投訴、投書勞動報與發起罷工等行動，要求企業與政府及時合理的回應工人所需，以解決疫病帶來的健康與生計問題，工人的訴求包含了提供篩檢試劑、加速疫苗接種、及時發放補助款以及合理的薪資等。

Joe Buckley believes that during the COVID-19 epidemic, the dual structure of labor relations between VGCL (Vietnam General Confederation of Labor) and workers enabled workers to effectively respond to the impact of the epidemic. From this point of view, this article examines the relief policies promulgated by VGCL, and analyzes the interview transcripts of economic zone trade union chairmen, trade union cadres, Taiwanese cadres, Vietnamese cadres and Vietnamese workers of Taiwanese-own factories and Chinese-own factories, as well as the relevant reports from Vietnamese news media. It was found that worker governance of VGCL has changed from surveillance to protection during the epidemic period because of the work contents of VGCL include epidemic prevention education, training and publicity, anti-epidemic supplies preparation and distribution, worker care, subsidies policies promulgation, Cooperating with CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), the People’s Committee, the hospitals or other units to execute works, workers safety and enterprise production requirements balance, and helping workers to apply for subsidies. These actions reduce the negative impact of the epidemic on workers. Moreover, Vietnamese workers take action to defend the fair wage and life safety, by complaining to company unions and launching strikes during epidemic. The workers request the companies and the government to respond to their needs in a timely and reasonable manner to solve the health and livelihood problems caused by the epidemic. The workers’demands include screening reagents provision, vaccination acceleration, prompt payment of subsidies and reasonable wages, etc.