初探日本與臺灣中衛體系之發展差異—以汽車產業為例

A Preliminary Study on the Developmental Differences Between Japan and Taiwan’s Corporate Synergy Systems–A Case Study on the Automobile Industry

「中衛體系」是指大規模中心廠與中小型企業之間構成一個以中心廠為主、衛星廠為輔的產業生產與分工體系；相當程度上，中心廠與衛星廠之間的交易型態存在支配從屬的關係，但也具有相互依存的性質。中衛體系制度源自日本在高度經濟成長期（1955-1973年）呈現的特殊企業組織型態—「系列」（keiretsu），臺灣則是於1980年代初才開始學習、推動中衛體系的建立。而綜觀日、臺二國中衛體系之發展過程，確實存在不小的差異，值得進一步探討。本文將以汽車產業做為案例，先行闡述日本中衛體系之發展運作（豐田的供應商管理）；再者，探討臺灣汽車廠商組成中衛體系之誘因，以及中衛體系對臺灣汽車產業的影響；最後，透過比較，呈現日本與臺灣汽車中衛體系發展之異同。

A Corporate Synergy System (CSS) is an industrial production and division of labor mechanism that consists of a large central firm and small and medium-sized enterprises, and it is led by the central firm and supported by the satellite enterprises. To a certain degree, there exists a dominance-subordination relationship between central firms and satellite enterprises for the business activities they conduct, but interdependence is also noted. CSS is a unique corporate organization model, referred to as keiretsu (literally system or series), which originated in Japan when it was in a period of high economic growth (1955-1973). Taiwan began to adapt the concept and advocate the formation of CSS in the early 1980s. Obvious differences are observed between the development of CSS in Japan and Taiwan, and it is an area worthy of further study. The automobile industry is focused on in this paper which begins by explaining the development and operations of CSS in Japan (the supplier management of Toyota). Furthermore, motivations for the automobile companies in Taiwan to form CSS and the impact CSS has had on the development of the automobile industry in Taiwan are examined. Lastly, the differences between Japan’s and Taiwan’s CSS development in the automobile industry are compared and presented.