晚期工業主義下的石化風險：檢視大社工業區降編爭議

Revealing Petrochemical Harms in Late Industrialism: Examining Zoning Downgrading Disputes in Dashe Industrial Park

臺灣石化業的發展與高雄息息相關，1970年代以來，開發以中下游石化產業為主的大社工業區，受到五輕外溢效應影響，成為串接高雄石化產業鏈供應需求的節點。但是，經過數十年來的發展，除了工業設施本身的老化風險，與之相互依存的治理思維與論述體系也越難跟上時代健康環境的渴求，轉型呼聲不斷，變革卻舉步維艱。
本文檢視高雄石化轉型指標性案例：大社工業區降編爭議，從晚期工業主義（Late Industrialism）的視角，揭示石化風險交織的日常，並嘗試跳脫風險技術處理和石化資本亮麗成長的表象，檢視石化產業治理政策窠臼所產生的風險，以及現行政策、制度與資訊和居民關懷需求的斷裂。透過文件檢閱、深度訪談、焦點座談與田野調查等多元資料蒐集，本文分析大社降編爭議中過時的石化工業設施空間配置、難以掌握風險全貌的污染資訊生產，以及陳腐的經濟發展論述。探究工業設施老舊化在物理層面、制度層面與知識語彙缺乏所帶來的影響，以及在時間加乘因素下不均等的衝擊。從更多的質問與公共對話，解析僵固於晚期工業主義的系統性治理問題，豐富我們對於轉型解方的想像。

The development of Taiwan’s petrochemical industry is closely related to that of Kaohsiung. Since the 1970s, the development of the Dashe Industrial Park, which focuses on the mid-and downstream petrochemical industry, has been affected by the spillover effect of the Taiwan’s CPC 5th Naphtha Cracker, and has become a node that connects Kaohsiung’s petrochemical chain for its supply needs. However, after decades of development, in addition to the risk of aging of the industrial facilities themselves, the interdependent system of governance and discourse has also become more and more difficult to meet the demands of a healthy environment, making changes difficult despite calls for transformation.
This paper examines the zoning downgrade disputes of Kaohsiung petrochemical industry transition, reveals the daily intertwined risks of petrochemicals from the perspective of late industrialism, and tries to look beyond the appearance of risky technological treatments and bright growth of petrochemicals capital, to examine the risks of the governance policy of petrochemicals industry and the disruption between the existing policies, systems, and the needs of information and care for the residents. It also examines the disruption between existing policies and systems and the need for information and care for residents. Through a multifaceted data collection process that includes document review, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and fieldwork, this paper analyzes the outdated spatial allocation of petrochemical facilities, the production of pollution information that makes it difficult to grasp the full extent of the risks, and the outdated discourses of economic development that are part and parcel of the Dashe zoning downgrade disputes. It explores the impacts of aging industrial facilities at the physical level, the institutional level, and the lack of knowledge vocabulary, as well as the unequal impacts of the time-multiplication factor. By more questioning and public dialogues, we analyze the systemic governance problems that have become entrenched in late industrialism, enriching our imaginations of the solutions to the transition.