「男」丁格爾的勞動與性別──以《ER男丁格爾》、《男丁格爾2.0》為論

Labor and Gender of 'Male' Nurses -- Analysis based on ER Male Nurse and Male Nurse 2.0

臺灣男性護理人員僅占4%，說明護理是男性的「非傳統生涯抉擇」，本文藉兩本以男性護理人員為寫作主體的散文集：李彥範《ER男丁格爾》，及慈濟體系男護理師、護生撰寫的《男丁格爾2.0》為文本進行探究。發現：男性護理人員經常要澄清身分，因為「他」常被誤認是醫師，表示護理和社會框架中的男性矛盾，也意謂男性進入傳統女性職場，社會的眼光和支持程度，迥異女性進入男性職場。許多男性護理人員的書寫，都表示其選讀護理並非基於興趣，亦覺知護理和男性傳統角色相違，但在就業考量下，能夠忽略護理的性別特質。但，日後他們仍將護理當作事業追求，符合社會對男性的期望。男性護理人員並認同體力是其優於女護理師之處，由此證明其能力和價值。他雖然是少數，卻不是弱勢，因為男護理人員敢於溝通或對抗，翻轉護理順從的形象，對醫護關係也能提出新的解釋，卻也再次鞏固性別分工。從男性護理人員的書寫，得見護理工作對不同性別者的意義，亦揭露性別不平等的隱藏機制。

Male nurses account for 4% of the nursing workforce, indicating that nursing is a 'non-traditional career choice' for men in Taiwan. This paper explored the situation of 'male' nurses by analyzing two collections of essays written by male nurses: Yen-Fan Lee's ER Male Nurse, and Male Nurse 2.0 written by male nurses and nursing students from the Tzu Chi system. The findings have revealed that a male nurse often needs to clarify his identity, as 'he' is frequently mistaken for a doctor. This indicates a contradictory relationship between nursing and men in the social framework. It also means that when men enter the traditionally female workplace, they face different social perceptions and levels of support compared to women entering a male workplace. Many male nurses write that they did not choose nursing based on interest and perceive it as conflicting with traditional male roles. However, given the priority of employment, they are able to overlook the gendered nature of nursing. Even so, they later pursue nursing as a career, aligning with societal expectations for men. Male nurses also acknowledge their physical strength as an advantage over female nurses. Despite being a minority, they are not disadvantaged, as male nurses are willing to communicate or confront, which is reversing the stereotype of nurses as submissive and offering new interpretations of doctor-nurse relationships. However, this also reinforces gender divisions. The writings of male nurses have revealed the differing significance of nursing work for people of different genders and exposed hidden mechanisms of gender inequality.