程序正義六準則：胡適《澄衷日記》一則的法治意蘊解讀

Six Principles of Procedural Justice: An Interpretation of the Legal Implications of an Entry in Hu Shih’s“Cheng Chung School Diary”

2000年夏天，北京大學圖書館在館藏胡適遺留書籍和文件中發現了迄今為止胡適最早的日記，是他當年在上海澄衷學堂讀書時的日記手寫本，始於1906年2月13日，終於當年7月26日。雖然只有五個多月的時間跨度，但因為時值胡適――那時他尚未滿十五歲――接受西式教育的最初時期，不僅是顯示上海早期教會學堂之外西式教育狀況的珍貴文獻，也是反映胡適思想形成過程所受影響的稀見史料。北大圖書館很快就編輯了《北京大學圖書館藏胡適未刊書信日記》，將其以《澄衷中學日記》為題收入其中，影印出版（清華大學出版社2003年）。在日記中，胡適記錄了他閱讀英國學者和政治家休．奧克雷．阿諾德-福斯特（Hugh Oakeley Arnold-Forster，簡寫H. O. Arnold- Forster）的作品《國民讀本》（The Citizen Reader），其中列舉法律格言六條，多涉及普通法傳統的程序正義準則，胡適在日記裡將其翻譯為中文。本文在引言中對原作者的生平略作考訂，並糾正《胡適日記全集》臺灣遠流版編者曹伯言的若干訛誤，正文分別就這法律格言六條的含義加以界定，在此基礎上，或比較中西法律傳統之差異，或結合胡適生平事蹟「以身說法」，或聯繫當今司法制度揭示理念與制度變革之應有導向，力圖為胡適研究提供一個新的視角，也希望有助於樹立程序正義在當今中國的獨特價值與意義。

In the summer of 2000, the Peking University Library discovered Hu Shih's earliest diary among the books and documents left by him in its collection. It was a handwritten diary from when he was studying at Cheng Chung School in Shanghai, starting on February 13, 1906 and ending on July 26 of the same year. Although the time span was just over five months, this period was significant as it marked the initial phase when Hu Shih—who was not yet 15 years old at the time—received a Western education. This diary is not only a precious document reflecting the status of Western education outside the early church school in Shanghai, but it also serves as a rare historical material illustrating the influence on Hu Shih's ideological formation process. The Peking University Library soon edited Hu Shih’s Unpublished Letters and Diaries in the Peking University Library Collection, included it under the title“Cheng Chung Middle School Diary,”and published it in a photocopy (Tsinghua University Press, 2003). In his diary, Hu Shih recorded his reading of The Citizen Reader, a work by British scholar and politician Hugh Oakeley Arnold-Forster (H. O. Arnold-Forster), which lists six legal maxims, most of which involve the procedural justice principles of the common law tradition. Hu Shih translated them into Chinese in his diary. In the introduction, this article briefly examines the life of the original author and corrects some errors made by Cao Boyan, the editor of The Complete Collection of Hu Shih’s Diary (Linking Books, Taipei 2004) from Yuan-Liou Publishing Taiwan. The main text defines the meanings of the six legal maxims. On this basis, it either compares the differences between Chinese and Western legal traditions, incorporates Hu Shih’s life story to illustrate the narrative through his own experiences, or links the current judicial system to reveal the proper orientation of ideas and institutional changes, in an effort to provide a new perspective for the studies of Hu Shih and also hopes to help establish the unique value and significance of procedural justice in today's China.