臺灣反核運動：現在、過去與未來

Anti-Nuclear Movement in Taiwan: The Past, the Present, and the Way Forward

臺灣的反核運動是臺灣現代公民社會中最具持續性且最具象徵意義的社會運動之一。自1970年代核能政策首次引起爭議以來，反核運動歷經政治解嚴、政黨輪替、重大核能事故等歷史轉折，逐漸從早期以菁英與專業團體為主的論述性批判，轉變為具有高度動員力的社會運動，涵蓋基層行動者、非政府組織、文化界與青年世代的廣泛參與。透過街頭抗爭、公民投票、文化倡議與政策游說等多元策略，該運動成功地將核能議題納入主流公共討論。
雖然反核運動成功推動2017年《電業法》修正，正式將「2025非核家園」目標納入國家能源政策架構之中，然而，研究結果指出，臺灣的核能爭議高度政治化，能源安全與環境永續議題已成為國家治理中的關鍵議題。未來能源轉型的成敗，將取決於政府是否能在回應民意、促進經濟發展與履行環境責任之間取得平衡，並妥善處理核廢料處置與再生能源推展的可行性等未解課題。儘管反核運動在政策層面已有重要成果，其未來仍須面對新興挑戰，方能引導臺灣邁向永續且公平的能源轉型之路。

The anti-nuclear movement in Taiwan has been one of the longest-standing social and environmental movements, shaped by political, environmental, and public safety concerns. This paper examines the historical development of Taiwan’s anti-nuclear movement, from its origins in the 1970s to its influence on contemporary policy, including the government’s commitment to achieving a nuclear-free homeland by 2025. Taiwan’s anti-nuclear movement has evolved from an elite-driven discourse to a mass movement involving grassroots activism, cultural engagement, and intergenerational advocacy. While the movement successfully contributed to the 2017 amendment of the Electricity Act, which mandates a nuclear-free Taiwan by 2025, critics argue that the policy is driven more by political allegiance than by scientific and economic considerations.
This study concludes that Taiwan’s nuclear energy debate remains highly politicised, with energy security and environmental sustainability at the forefront of national discussions. The future of Taiwan’s energy transition will depend on the government’s ability to balance public opinion, economic growth, and environmental responsibility while addressing unresolved issues such as nuclear waste disposal and the feasibility of renewable energy expansion. Despite its achievements, the anti-nuclear movement must navigate new challenges to ensure a sustainable and just energy transition for Taiwan’s future.