許三禮之家世生平與《聖孝廣義》的政治意涵

Xu Sanli’s Life, Family, and the Political Significance of the Shengxiao Guangyi

本文主要討論兩個主題：第一、許三禮的生平、家世與家學，主要利用過去未被充分運用的史料《許氏先德紀略》，討論許三禮的家族歷史，其個人的政治生涯及豐富的師友網絡，說明許三禮是一位活躍於清初政壇與學界的士大夫。第二、討論許三禮《聖孝廣義》寫作的背景與目的，以及此書的主要內容。《聖孝廣義》是一本專論天子之孝的政教典籍，為皇太子教育而作，書中主要強調「天」是天子首應盡孝的對象，也主張帝王應以治統合道統，此亦反映康熙皇帝及朝臣們的共同期許與理想。最後，本文也說明包括許三禮在內的朝臣們，如何以頌讚皇帝作為一種政治修辭，為自己爭取參政的空間。

This paper explores two key topics. First, it examines the life and familial background of Xu Sanli, tracing the history and intellectual heritage of his family. This section draws primarily from the Xushi xiande jilue (A Brief Record of the Ancestors of the Xu Family), a relatively unexplored text. Second, the paper analyzes the Shengxiao Guangyi (Extending the Meaning of Emperors’Filial Duty), written by Xu Sanli in 1682. The work was intended as an educational manual for princes, focusing on the concept of imperial filial duty. It argues that the foremost filial duty of an emperor is owed to Heaven, the divine father, and advocates for the unification of Confucian and political orthodoxy under the emperor’s leadership. This idea resonated with the ideals of the Kangxi Emperor and many officials within his administration. Finally, the paper discusses the role of eulogies to the emperor as a political rhetorical device, illustrating how this strategy allowed officials, including Xu Sanli, to engage in the political sphere.