設區的市立法權限中“基層治理”的內涵厘定與實踐展開

準確理解設區的市“基層治理”立法權限，有必要結合當代中國推進基層治理現代化的時代背景，明確基層治理的核心訴求。在中國式現代化的語境下，基層治理內涵公共性、地方能動性和政社互動三方面核心訴求:公共性訴求為基層治理的秩序供給設定了目標；地方能動性訴求表明有必要賦予地方以充足的制度形成空間，以充分調動地方積極性，使其因地制宜地處置地方性事務;政社互動訴求指明了創新基層治理方式的核心任務，即實現政府與基層社會的良性互動。基於法治在基層治理中的保障者定位，設區的市立法應圍繞對自治權的保障展開，同時貫徹立法節制理念，避免行政力量向社會基層過度滲透。在黨建引領下，設區的市立法應以理順、引導、培育為著力方向發揮保障作用，在革除“條塊分割、權責失衡、資源分散”的體制弊端，界清基層治理參與主體的權責關係，引導社會組織有序參與治理和基層議事協商，優化網格化管理，拓展基層民主實踐等方面，設區的市立法可以發揮更大作用。

To accurately understand the legislative power of district-based cities regarding“primary-level governance”, it is necessary to clarify the core demands of primary-level governance in the context of promoting the modernization of primary-level governance in contemporary China. In the context of Chinese modernization, the connotation of primary-level governance embodies three core demands: publicity, local initiative, and government-society interaction. The publicity demand sets the goal for the order supply of primary-level governance. The local initiative demand indicates the necessity of endowing local areas with sufficient institutional formation space to fully mobilize local initiative and enable them to handle local affairs in line with local conditions. The government-society interaction demand points out the core task of innovating primary-level governance methods, that is, to achieve a virtuous interaction between the government and primary-level society. Based on the positioning of the rule of law as a guarantor in primary-level governance, the legislation of district-based cities should focus on safeguarding autonomy rights and implement the concept of legislative restraint to avoid excessive penetration of administrative power into the primary-level society. Under the guidance of Party building, the legislation of district- based cities should play a guaranteeing role by focusing on streamlining, guiding, and cultivating. In terms of eliminating the institutional drawbacks of“fragmentation of departments, imbalance of power and responsibility, and dispersion of resources”, clarifying the power-responsibility relationships of the main participants in primary-level governance, guiding social organizations to participate in governance and primary-level deliberation and consultation in an orderly manner, optimizing grid-based management, and expanding primary-level democratic practices, the legislation of district-based cities can make great achievements.