論社會救助法中的公民協力規範構造

社會救助以保障公民的基本生活為制度目標，其實施雖以行政主體的依職權行為為主導，但公民正面參與或側面配合的協力行為亦不可被忽視。我國現行社會救助法律體系中包含部分公民義務性規定，但在調整範圍、違反後果和規範層級等方面存在不足。行政機關要求公民承擔協力義務的規則設置應當滿足目的合理、內容合適與基礎合法的基本要求。社會救助制度中課予被救助人協力義務的合理性基礎，在於社會連帶下共同體公益與個人利益協同實現的功能性目標，協力的範圍與程度受到比例原則與“適當可預期”標準的限制，協力的內容需結合個體自我負責的要求展開。當前背景下，應基於法律保留原則完成社會救助公民協力義務一般規則的構建，同時結合個體自我負責的二層維度差別，調整就業救助項目及其協力義務的設置邏輯。

The institutional goal of social assistance is to ensure citizens' basic livelihoods. While its implementation is primarily driven by administrative authorities acting ex officio, the cooperative actions of citizens—whether through active participation or indirect support—should not be overlooked. Although China's current legal framework for social assistance includes certain obligations of citizens, it remains insufficient in terms of scope, legal consequences for noncompliance, and normative hierarchy. Rules requiring citizens to fulfill cooperative duties must meet the fundamental standards of legitimate purpose, appropriate content, and lawful basis. The imposition of such duties on aid recipients is justified by the functional objective of aligning communal welfare with individual interests under the principle of social solidarity. However, the extent and intensity of cooperation must be constrained by the principle of proportionality and the standard of“reasonable foreseeability,”with specific obligations tailored to the individual's responsibility for self-support. In the present context, a general legal framework for citizens' cooperative obligations in social assistance should be established in line with the principle of legal reservation, and the design of employment assistance programs and their corresponding cooperative obligations should be adjusted to reflect a dual-level structure of individual responsibility.