安大簡〈仲尼曰〉所見《論語》異文研究

Research on the Variants of the Analects Found in the Bamboo Slips Manuscript of Zhongni Yue held by Anhui University

安大簡〈仲尼曰〉的出現，展現出孔子語類在戰國時期的面貌，從《論語》學研究來說，更具備相當重要的異文價值。本文據簡文中與傳世本《論語》的異文，從用字、句式的差異，以釐清字義句意，以使得簡文的意義輪廓更為清晰。透過回顧整理者以及學者們的見解，試圖提出在寬式隸定以及解讀上的個人看法。同時，從異文的視角切入，目的不在「趨同」，而是著眼於當中的差異。經過本文的探討，亦發現簡文與傳世本重出之異文，其思想意義早在戰國時期已經成形。與此同時，早期版本亦反映孔子言論之時代差異。本文除了提出句讀上的觀察外，在解讀相關簡文方面，亦有以下三項貢獻：其一，觀察思想概念之演變歷程；其二，呈現用字習慣之差異；其三，有助於傳世本《論語》之內容釐清。

The emergence of the Zhongni Yue bamboo slips from the Anhui University Collection reveals the state of Confucius' sayings during the Warring States period. From the perspective of Analects studies, these slips possess significant value due to their textual variants. So far, the differences between the Warring States manuscripts and the versions from the Han dynasty onwards are evident. Although the notion of excerpts is hard to confirm, these slips provide crucial material and a new perspective for re-examining the versions and the ideological trajectory of the Analects. This paper analyzes the textual variants between the bamboo slips and the received version of the Analects by examining differences in wording and sentence structure to clarify meanings and make the significance of the slips' content more comprehensible. By reviewing the insights of editors and scholars, this study aims to present personal views on broad-based transcription and interpretation.
Simultaneously, the focus on textual variants aims not at convergence but rather emphasizes the differences. Through this exploration, it is found that the ideological significance of the variants between the bamboo slips and the received version had already formed during the Warring States period. Moreover, the early versions reveal the temporal differences in Confucius' sayings. Beyond the interpretations of punctuation, this paper contributes in three ways to the understanding of the related bamboo slips: First, it observes the evolution of conceptual ideas, such as thinking becoming thinking of others and caution becoming self-reflection; second, it highlights differences in wording habits, such as unable to bear the sorrow versus cannot bear the sorrow; third, it aids in interpreting the content of the received Analects, such as explaining respect over time leads to reverence, thus resolving previous interpretative differences regarding Yan Pingzhong and his respect.