論芬蘭KiVa防制霸凌方案內涵、實證研究及其對我國教育的啟示

The Essence, Empirical Research, and Educational Implications of Finland's KiVa Anti-Bullying Program for Taiwan

霸凌議題因其對於個人身心健康與社會正義的重大影響，近年來受到全球高度重視。霸凌行為帶來心理創傷、自尊心下降等嚴重後果，促使各國積極尋求有效的防制策略。其中，芬蘭的KiVa防制霸凌方案由圖爾庫大學研發，透過預防、介入與年度監控，全面應對校園霸凌問題。該方案強調遏止霸凌於發生前，以系統化的教育資源培養學生辨識霸凌行為的能力，並激勵旁觀者採取行動支持受害者。KiVa方案透過實體課程與線上遊戲提升學生同理心，並設立校內專責小組處理霸凌事件，其成功經驗顯示出顯著成效。基於KiVa方案之實踐與相關實證研究之論析，本文建議我國應強化預防教育，開發在地化霸凌防制課程，並聚焦於旁觀者行為改變與群體責任意識的培養；同時促進學校、家長與社區的協作，建立在地化防制網絡，並透過定期監測與回饋機制優化政策實施，提升校園霸凌防制成效。

Bullying has garnered significant global attention in recent years due to its profound impact on individual mental and physical health, as well as social justice. Bullying behavior leads to severe consequences, such as psychological trauma and reduced self-esteem, prompting nations to seek effective prevention strategies actively. Finland's KiVa Anti-Bullying Program, developed by the University of Turku, comprehensively addresses school bullying through prevention, intervention, and annual monitoring. The program emphasizes stopping bullying before it occurs by utilizing systematic educational resources to enhance students' ability to identify bullying behaviors and encouraging bystanders to take action in supporting victims. Through in-person lessons and online games, the KiVa program fosters students' empathy while establishing school-based task forces to address bullying incidents, achieving remarkable success. Based on an analysis of the program’s implementation and related empirical research, this paper recommends that Taiwan strengthen preventive education, develop localized anti-bullying curricula, and focus on fostering behavioral changes in bystanders and cultivating collective responsibility. Furthermore, collaboration among schools, parents, and communities should be enhanced to establish localized prevention networks. At the same time, regular monitoring and feedback mechanisms should be employed to optimize policy implementation and improve the effectiveness of anti-bullying measures in schools.