美國技職教育現況與動向及其對台灣的意涵

The Status and Trends of Career and Technical Education in the United States and Its Implications for Taiwan

台灣和美國關係密切、交流頻仍。當今，美國就讀技職教育的學生人數正在增加，台灣卻在減少，值得探究。本文目的在透過文獻探討美國技職教育現況與動向及其對台灣的意涵。結果發現美國技職教育的四大特色是：定位很明確、修讀彈性大、有專法加持、和重產學連結；並指出對台灣技職教育的五項意涵是：（1）宜檢討技職教育法的落實和適切程度並及時修正、（2）宜將技職教育從供應導向轉向需求導向、（3）宜加大對技職教育的公共投資、（4）宜標竿美國技職教育落實實務學習、和（5）宜使技職教育採不同於普通教育的課程發展模式。

Taiwan and the United States have close relations and frequent exchanges. Nowadays, the number of students enrolling in technical and vocational education (TVE) is increasing in the United States but shrinking in Taiwan, which is worth exploring. The purpose of this article is to explore the status and trends of career and technical education (CTE) in the United States and its implications for Taiwan through literature review. The results showed that the four major characteristics of American CTE are: clear positioning in mission, great flexibility in participation, steady support from special laws, and strong connection between industry and education; the five implications for Taiwan's technical and vocational education (TVE) are: (1) It is suggested to review the implementation and appropriateness of the Technical and Vocational Education Act and revise it in a timely manner; (2) It is suggested to shift TVE from supply-oriented to demand-oriented education; (3) It is suggested to increase public investment in TVE; (4) It is suggested to benchmark the CTE in the United States to implement practical learning; and (5) It is suggested to have TVE a curriculum development model that is different from general education.