女性代表性與貪腐控制關聯性之時空加權迴歸分析

The Relationship between Female Representation and Corruption Control: Geographical and Temporal Weighted Regression Analysis

在過往，針對女性代表性與國家貪腐控制關聯性的研究，多半以理論或實務推論論述為主。本研究嘗試以國家為分析單位，利用2010至2020年的跨國資料，探索各國女性代表性與貪腐控制的相關性。同時，藉由時空加權迴歸模型，嘗試了解女性代表性與貪腐控制的相關性在地理空間及時間之中的異質程度。本研究發現全球貪腐控制指數在2010年至2020年間略有進步，從平均－0.004提升至－0.001,顯示各國在貪腐問題的控制方面有些許進展。同時，女性在政治、教育和經濟領域的參與逐漸增加，其中國會議員中的女性比率提高與貪腐控制呈現顯著正向相關。然而，其他領域如教育、經濟、商業和法律的女性參與，則與貪腐控制的相關性較不顯著。此外，研究結果亦顯示人均GDP，皆與各國的貪腐控制程度有著正向的相關性。而時空加權迴歸模型的結果，則顯示各國女性國會議員比率、人均GDP及自由程度與其貪腐控制的相關性，存在著時空異質的現象，而國家依法行政程度與貪腐控制的相關性則呈現正向且無時空異質性的結果。這些發現對於透過經驗性研究進一步嘗試確認女性代表性與貪腐控制之間的相關性，提供更進一步的驗證結果。

Previous studies on the correlation between female representation and national corruption control have focused mostly on theoretical or practical reasoning. This study attempts to explore the correlation between female representation and corruption control in countries using cross-national data from 2010 to 2020. Additionally, using the geographical and temporal weighted regression (GTWR) model, the study seeks to understand the extent of heterogeneity in the correlation between female representation and corruption control across geographical spaces and periods.
The study finds that the global corruption control index improved slightly between 2010 and 2020, rising from an average of -0.004 to -0.001, indicating some progress in the control of corruption in countries around the world. Meanwhile, women’s participation in politics, education, and the general economy has gradually increased, with the percentage of women serving as members of parliament showing a significant positive correlation with corruption control. However, female participation in other areas such as education, business, law, and the broader economy show a less significant correlation with corruption control.
In addition, the results reveal that factors such as GDP per capita, the level of rule-of-law governance, and levels of freedom are positively correlated with corruption control across countries. The findings of the GTWR model further indicate that the correlations between corruption control and the percentage of female parliamentarians, GDP per capita, and levels of freedom exhibit spatio-temporal heterogeneity. However, the correlation between the rule- of-law and corruption control remains positive and consistent across time and space, without any observed heterogeneity. These findings provide further empirical validation of the relationship between female representation and corruption control.