趨向自由的意志：重探漢娜．鄂蘭愛與意志的概念暨它們和自由的關係

The Will to Freedom: Reconsidering Hannah Arendt’s Concepts of Love and the Will and Their Relationship to Freedom

本文將回答兩個問題：自由和愛以及意志等概念之間的關係為何？這種關係對自由的概念又具有什麼意義。藉由閱讀與詮釋漢娜．鄂蘭的政治思想，本篇論文主張一方面，透過意志的自我轉化－或以鄂蘭的語彙來說，我們的意志活動－意志可以轉變成她所謂「行動的泉源」。鄂蘭指出，我們的意志活動必須自我轉變成愛的行動，並作爲「聯結與羈絆的媒介」來作用著，如此才能達成自足並有助於建立起關係。另一方面，本文宣稱若沒有這種轉化－即意志未能自我轉化爲愛的意志－則我們甚至無法開始行動或做任何事情。愛的意志構成了一種動力，它推動了我們走出獨我的情境並且－－作爲「羈絆的媒介」－－讓我們接觸自身之外的人與事物。而正是這種動力（或者我稱之為移動的勇氣）使得鄂蘭不僅將它視爲行動的泉源，也視爲通往自由的邀約。因此，愛的意志指的是通往自由的意志，它也爲進一步的政治行動鋪墊了道路。最後本文的結論強調，我們透過鄂蘭的政治思想不僅可以理解爲何愛和意志與政治有關，以及它們如何能彼此關聯。

This paper answers two questions: (1) What is the relationship between freedom and the concepts of love and the will? (2) What does this relationship mean for the concept of freedom? By reading and interpreting Hannah Arendt’s political thought, this paper argues that, on the one hand, through a self-transformation of the will–or, in Arendt’s language, our willing activity–the will can turn into what she called“the spring of action”. Our willing activity, Arendt said, must transform itself into activities of love, which serves as“a coupling, binding agent”, to achieve self-sufficiency and to aid in building relationships. On the other hand, this paper contends that without this transformation–without the will transforming itself into a loving will–we cannot even begin to take action. The loving will constitutes the impetus that propels us to step outside of our solipsistic circumstances and, as“a binding agent”, to get in touch with persons and things outside of ourselves. It is this impetus, or what I call the courage of movement, that Arendt viewed not only as the spring of action, but also as an invitation to freedom. Thus, the loving will refers to the will to freedom that paves the way to further political action. Ultimately, the conclusion of this article stresses that through Arendt’s political thought we can understand not only why but also how love and the will are relevant to politics.