在國籍與公民權持續角力的陰影下，思辯中華民國（臺灣）的公民身份

Reconsidering the Development of Citizenship of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Under the Shadow of the Citizenship-Nationality Complex

本文探討中華民國從兩岸分治開始（1949年）到民主化之後，公民權的發展以及其與國籍之間的關係與轉變。臺灣人民對於公民權的理解，是立基於群體意識之上。易言之，對於公民權的認識與演變，係由臺灣人民對於公民權利的自覺行使，以及公民對社區事務的參與來推動，這是立基於社群主義、一種新時代社群概念的重塑。此一新時代的社群概念，包含了以有界限領土的國家為本而認識的公民權、以跨越國界的普世價值作爲理解公民權的內核、融合本土民族文化元素與普世價值的新認同、以及因爲中華民國明確化領土因素（意即，明確的治理範圍）所轉變的國籍。儘管隨著公民身份的發展，國籍已被置於次要地位，但發生具有對國家內部次級群體的親疏關係有重要影響的事件時，例如2019年之後出現的香港人移居臺灣的浪潮，國籍議題及其爭議仍會再次浮現。

This research examines the evolution of citizenship in the Republic of China (Taiwan) from the beginning of 1949 to the post-democratization period, under the shadow of the still unresolved divided-nation issue across the Taiwan Strait. Embedded in communitarian ideals, the evolution of citizenship has been shaped by the gradually-consolidated new-era communitarian-ness, which is a concept comprised of: an inclusive membership having both territorial-national and post-national elements, active and self-consciously exercises of citizen rights and civic participation in community affairs, a newly-configured identity that blends indigenous ethnocultural features with universal values, while reformulated by the effect of a definite territorial domain under the ROC’s effective control. This process of the development of citizenship has been advanced in due course of democratization and democracy consolidation, with which nationality has been relegated to a secondary position. Nevertheless, the issue of nationality resurfaces when incidents occur that have the salience of intra-national affinity and rivalry, such as the influx of Hong Kong immigrants to Taiwan.