1995-2020臺灣社會變遷調查之男女就讀大學期望分析研究

Longitudinal Analysis of Gender Equality Attitudes in Taiwan: Expectations for Male and Female Students’ Higher Education, 1995–2020

臺灣近30年社會變遷中，社會大眾對男孩及女孩應上大學之期望在不同時期呈現不同態度。本研究除了想了解不同時間下的大眾期望軌跡變化外，意欲探究「女子無才便是德」在臺灣逐漸消失，其背後的社會脈絡為何？
本文使用中研院建置之次級資料做量化貫時性研究分析及以歷史社會學為觀點，劃記臺灣社會半世紀以來國民教育之發展、一般民眾期待男女學子接受高等教育心態變化、高等教育入學門檻改變及性平相關律法政策制定之背景脈絡是交織的。使用中研院「臺灣社會變遷基本調查計畫」（TSCS）1995年至2020年之長期追蹤調查資料，每5年為一期，根據各期一致的兩題問卷題目:「你認為一個男孩及女孩應該最少受多少教育?」，組成描述性統計分析，並綜合25年貫時性研究之統計結果如下: TSCS在1995年民眾對男孩及女孩應上大學之期望比例有明顯差異為分別為33.9:18.8；至2000年，民眾期望男孩女孩應上大學之兩者比例差距逐漸變小為35.4:31；至2015年及2020年，民眾期望男孩及女孩應上大學之比例不但提高且對男女孩間之期望幾無差異存在，分別為60.5:59.9及66.3:66.2，最後比值趨近1。
臺灣民眾對女孩上大學之期待30年來一路提高，尤其在2000年後出現明顯變化，與臺灣性平律法及行政舉措時間脈絡相當，研究結果可視為臺灣民眾性平態度的普及及提高。另臺灣一路攀升超過9成4之大學入學率及未回升之超低生育率，皆為筆者視為影響研究結果之社會變遷脈絡機制。本研究結果亦可作為提供未來性別統計之參考。

In the past three decades, societal expectations regarding higher education for boys and girls in Taiwan have evolved significantly. This study aims to investigate the shifting trajectories of these expectations over time and to explore the declining relevance of the notion that“a girl’s lack of talent is her virtue”within the Taiwanese social context.
This study utilizes secondary data constructed by the Academia Sinica for a quantitative longitudinal analysis, approached from a historical sociology perspective. It examines the civic development of education in Taiwan over the past fifty years, the changing attitudes of the public towards higher education for boys and girls, the evolution of college admission, and the acts of gender equality legislation. Utilizing data from the Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS) spanning 1995 to 2020, which includes consistent biennial survey questions on educational expectations, descriptive statistical analyses reveal significant trends. In 1995, the proportion of the populace advocating for university education for boys versus girls was markedly different at 33.9% and 18.8%, respectively. By 2000, this gap narrowed to 35.4% and 31%. By 2015 and 2020, expectations for both significantly increased, with ratios approaching parity at 60.5:59.9 and 66.3:66.2, respectively. That ratio became approximately 1.
The rising expectations for girls’university attendance, especially post-2000, align with the timeline of gender equality legislation in Taiwan. Additionally, with university enrollment rates exceeding 94% and persistently low birth rates, these trends reflect a complex interplay within Taiwanese societal changes. The study results indicate the growing acceptance and enhancement of gender equality attitudes among people in Taiwan. The findings of this study might provide a reference for gender statistics。