依據戈貝爾1919至1920年的錄音以人工智慧輔助研究法國長笛學派的抖音演奏

An AI-Assisted Study on the Vibrato of the French Flute School Based Upon Philippe Gaubert’s 1919-1920 Recordings

本文依據戈貝爾的歷史錄音檢驗《塔法內爾－戈貝爾教材》（1923）提供的教學方法，藉以研究法國長笛學派的抖音演奏。法國長笛學派創始人塔法內爾辭世後，戈貝爾擴充其遺稿編成《塔法內爾－戈貝爾教材》，該教材至今仍獲廣泛使用。戈貝爾留下的大量錄音，有效地增進了我們對該時代表演實踐與美學原則的理解。透過分析戈貝爾的錄音及來自美國和英國長笛學派的錄音，作者探究抖音作為表現工具的使用方式，並驗證法國長笛學派的抖音演奏如何對美國和英國的演奏家產生影響。分析顯示戈貝爾反對的不是抖音本身，而是其誤用與濫用。研究亦發現，每當樂譜上標註「富表現力」，戈貝爾就會以連續抖音來詮釋。此外，戈貝爾會依據特定音樂需求調整抖音的運用，藉此展現獨特的個人風格。本研究利用人工智慧工具對戈貝爾在不同音樂情境中的抖音使用進行量化分析和視覺化，藉以增強音樂分析的美學基礎。研究結果顯示，抖音不僅是技巧的展現，更是法國長笛學派音樂表現的核心要素。

This study investigates the conception and application of vibrato within the French Flute School, specifically examining the pedagogical approaches detailed in the Taffanel-Gaubert Method (1923) in conjunction with Philippe Gaubert’s historical recordings. After the death of Paul Taffanel, the founder of the French Flute School, Gaubert edited and co-authored the Taffanel-Gaubert Method, which remains popular and prevalently used even today. Through Gaubert’s extensive recordings, performance practices of his era can now be accessed to illuminate the aesthetic principles. By juxtaposing Gaubert’s recordings against recordings of flutists from the American and British Flute Schools, the authors focus on how vibrato is used as an expressive tool and how the method of the French Flute School has influenced their counterparts in US and UK. The analysis reveals that Gaubert did not oppose to the use of vibrato, but he was definitely against its misuse or its excess. Notably, the musical instruction“espressif”in the scores frequently correlates with sustained application of vibrato in Gaubert’s performance. Furthermore, Gaubert’s refined application of vibrato based on musical setting contributed to a distinctive personal style. Utilizing artificial intelligence tools, this study conducts quantitative analyses and visualizations of vibrato passages in Gaubert’s diverse musical repertoire, thereby approximating the aesthetic underpinnings of his approach. These findings underscore that vibrato in the French Flute School transcends mere technical execution but embodies a fundamental aspect of artistic musical expression.