十八世紀德意志地區的直笛協奏曲

The Eighteenth-Century Recorder Concerto in Germany

對大多數現代聽眾來說，直笛總是讓人聯想起學校教育，數個世代以來，這樣的聯想貶低了這項樂器的地位。然而，這項樂器並不如表面上看起來那麼簡單。直笛曲目的一端，是十八世紀初為蓬勃發展的大眾市場所寫的簡易奏鳴曲，另一端則是韋瓦第和泰勒曼的協奏曲，其難度甚至超越此時期大多數給木管樂器的協奏曲。直笛在十八世紀的德意志地區獲得重大發展並達到頂峰。在權力分散的政治環境中，每個地區擁有各自的政治體制，各不相同的富有程度和文化傳統，直笛成為德意志宮廷音樂生活相當關鍵的一部分。作曲家對直笛產生濃厚興趣，為這項樂器創作了多種不同類型的協奏曲，這些作品顯示了直笛在作曲家、業餘音樂家和專業音樂家之間均相當受歡迎。這篇文章針對十八世紀德意志地區的直笛協奏曲進行了詳細的調查，同時也在德意志巴洛克的脈絡下分析了直笛協奏作品，突顯其在音樂史上的重要性。作為直笛曲目關鍵的一部分，直笛協奏曲提供了某些極致的技術挑戰，同時為音樂史塑造全新的里程碑。鑑於其重要性，我們很需要對直笛協奏曲進行及時且徹底的研究，以瞭解這些曲目在十八世紀音樂創作背景下的複雜性與意義。

For most modern audiences, the recorder is stereotypically associated with school, which has thus diminished the status of the instrument for generations. However, the apparent simplicity of this instrument is deceptive. At one end of the repertoire spectrum are the simple sonatas written for the burgeoning mass market in the early 18th century, but at the other end are concertos by Antonio Vivaldi or Georg Philipp Telemann, the difficulty of which eclipses almost all other concertos written for woodwind instruments from this period. The recorder underwent significant development and reach the peak of its prominence in the 18th century Germany. It was in the decentralised political environment, where different regions had their own political systems, varying levels of wealth and cultural traditions that the recorder became a key part of musical life in the German courts. Composers became so interested in the instrument that many types of recorder concertos were created, demonstrating their popularity among composers, amateur and professional musicians alike. This paper presents a detailed survey of the recorder concerto repertoire in eighteenth-century Germany and analyses concertante works for recorder in the context of the German Baroque, highlighting its importance in musical history. Recorder concertos form a key part of the instrument’s repertoire, posing some of the greatest technical challenges and creating new milestones in musical history. Given their importance, there is a considerable need for a timely and thorough study of recorder concertos in order to understand their complexity and significance in the context of eighteenth-century music-making.