巴什拉的「現象技術」觀念初探

A Preliminary Inquiry of Gaston Bachelard’s Concept of Phenomenotechnique

「現象技術」（Phenomenotechnique）是巴什拉（Gaston Bachelard）認識論中關鍵的概念，本文將透過巴什拉對於當時代思想的繼承與批評試圖釐清此一觀念，並闡述此一概念對法國技術哲學的影響。本研究試圖從巴什拉的進路，討論科學與技術之間彼此形構之問題。亦即反思：科學理論是否先於實驗技術？觀念性的科學概念與物質性的實踐之間關係為何？首先，我們將透過巴什拉思想的脈絡給出「現象技術」的基本意涵與問題性。其次，我們將透過比較巴什拉與孔德（Auguste Comte）、柏格森（Henri Bergson）與胡塞爾（Edmund Husserl）在此問題上立場的不同來釐清此一概念。第三，我們將考察此一概念在巴什拉認識論整體當中的位置與意義。最後，筆者以席孟冬（Gilbert Simondon）對於此一概念的批判性繼承為例，說明此一概念如何啟發法國當代技術哲學。

“Phenomenotechnique”is a key concept in Gaston Bachelard’s epistemology. This paper aims to clarify this concept by exploring the differences between Bachelard and his contemporaries, and by illustrating its influence on French philosophy of technology. The study attempts to discuss the interrelation between science and technology from Bachelard’s perspective: specifically, whether scientific theory precedes experimental technique, and what the relationship is between conceptual scientific ideas and material practices. First, we will outline the basic meaning and problematic nature of the concept of“phenomenotechnique”within the context of Bachelard’s thought. Next, we will clarify the concept by comparing Bachelard’s stance with those of Auguste Comte, Henri Bergson, and Edmund Husserl on this issue. Third, we will examine the position and significance of this concept within Bachelard’s overall epistemology. Finally, the author will use Gilbert Simondon’s critical appropriation of this concept as an example to demonstrate how it has inspired contemporary French philosophy of technology.