障礙與斷裂：巴什拉的歷史認識論與當代法國人文科學

Obstacles and Ruptures: Gaston Bachelard’s Historical Epistemology and Contemporary French Human Sciences

巴什拉（Gaston Bachelard）在1938年出版了《科學精神的形成：貢獻於客觀知識的一種精神分析》，成為他在科學哲學領域中最重要作品之一。書中所提出「認識論的障礙」和「認識論的斷裂」等重要概念，不僅引發了法國人文科學的「歷史認識論」風潮，也對於後續的法國人文科學發展造成了非常深遠的影響，包括阿圖塞（Louis Althusser）的「認識論的分斷」、傅柯（Michel Foucault）的「認識型」、布爾迪厄（Pierre Bourdieu）的社會學方法，皆對巴什拉的認識論與科學史觀有所繼承。本文將從法國當代人文科學發展的視角出發，爬梳巴什拉的歷史認識論觀點，及其影響與爭議。

In 1938, Gaston Bachelard published La Formation de l’esprit scientifique (The Formation of the Scientific Mind), which stands as one of his most significant contributions in the field of philosophy of science. Within this work, Bachelard introduced pivotal concepts such as“epistemological obstacles”and“epistemological break,”not only igniting a wave of interest in“historical epistemology”within French human sciences but also exerting a profound and lasting influence on subsequent developments in French humanistic studies. This influence is evident in the works of figures such as Louis Althusser’s“epistemological break,”Michel Foucault’s“episteme,”and Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological methodology, all of which inherit elements of Bachelard’s epistemology and philosophy of science. This paper embarks from the vantage point of contemporary development in French humanities, meticulously unraveling Bachelard’s historical epistemological perspectives and their multifaceted impacts and controversies.