遐想的詩學：巴什拉與弗洛孔的哲學、藝術與想像之對話

The Poetics of Reverie: Bachelard and Flocon in Dialogue on Philosophy, Art and Imagination

巴什拉（Gaston Bachelard）不只在學界有著重要的思想貢獻，在藝文界也有著深遠的影響力。他的藝術評論文章主要都收錄在《夢的權利》（Le droit de rêver）一書中，透過這些文字，我們便能夠建構出一個與元素詩學相互呼應的藝術系統。巴什拉曾談論過繪畫、雕塑與版畫，對版畫尤其關注。其中，版畫家弗洛孔（Albert Flocon）作品中的超現實幻想讓巴什拉特別感興趣，並且從《致手的榮耀》（Àla gloire de la main, 1949）、《風景》（Paysage, 1950）、《論雕刻版畫》（Traitédu burin, 1953）到《西班牙城堡》（Châteaux en Espagne, 1957），兩人一直保持著密切的交流合作。藝術家在物質性的召喚之下，以勞作與對物質的抗爭來直抵遐想，最終催生出結合形式想像與物質想像的藝術作品。同時，這意志與力量的產物也喚醒了哲學家內在沈睡的力量。他們在彼此的作品中獲得了豐沛的靈感，並且產生一個圖像與文字相互輝映的藝術世界。然而，他們彼此觀望、彼此想像，卻不真的產生現實中的交集。直到巴什拉提出「隱士之居」（The Hermit’s shelters）的請求，才讓他們覺悟到思想與藝術的所見不等同於所是，並且，他們所追求的答案始終在於自己，而非在他人所實現的世界之中。

Gaston Bachelard not only has made important ideological contributions in the academic world, but also has had a profound influence in arts community. His art critique articles are mainly included in Le droit de rêver (1970). Through these words, we can construct an art system that echoes his elements in poetics. Bachelard has discussed painting, sculpture and engraving, with a particular focus on the latter. Among them, the surreal fantasy in the works of the engraver Albert Flocon attracted Bachelard’s special interest, and the two had maintained close cooperation fromÀla gloire de la main (1949), Paysage (1950), Traitédu burin (1953) to Châteaux en Espagne (1957). Under the call of materiality, the artist uses labor and struggle against the material to reach the reverie, and finally gives birth to works of art that combine formal imagination and material imagination. At the same time, this product of will and strength also awakens the dormant power in the philosopher. They have gained abundant inspiration in each other’s works, and produced an art world in which images and words reflect each other. However, they look at each other and imagine each other, but they do not create anything together. It wasn’t until Bachelard put forward the request of“The Hermit’s shelters”that they realized what they see in thought and art is not the same as what they are, and that the answers they pursue are always in themselves, not in the world realized by others.