高等教育中的教師鼓勵：當前觀點與研究需求

Faculty Encouragement in Higher Education: Current Perspectives and Research Needs

教師與學生之間的互動是高等教育的重要組成部分，其對學生的學術經驗與成就具有顯著影響。本文聚焦於一種具體且深具影響力的互動形式——教師鼓勵。鼓勵被定義為通過語言或象徵性表達，刻意傳遞肯定以激發自信、毅力、靈感或希望，尤其是在應對挑戰或發掘潛能的情境中。換言之，教師的鼓勵不僅能激勵學生克服困難，還能啟發他們追求更高的目標。本文首先對教師鼓勵的理論框架進行概述，並歸納近期研究的主要發現，同時為教育者提供了基於實證的實踐建議。此外，本文提出了未來研究的方向。隨著教師鼓勵在高等教育領域引起越來越多的關注，本文強調了其在促進師生關係和提升學生學術成就方面的重要性，並呼籲進一步的學術研究，以拓展教師鼓勵的應用範疇並增強其對學生學術成功的影響力。

Faculty-student interaction is a fundamental aspect of higher education, significantly influencing students' academic experiences and achievements. This paper focuses on a specific and impactful form of interaction: encouragement, defined as the intentional expression of affirmation through language or symbolic representations to instill confidence, perseverance, inspiration, or hope in someone, particularly in the context of addressing challenges or realizing potential. That is, faculty encouragement not only motivates students to overcome difficulties but also inspires them to strive for ambitious goals. This paper provides an overview of faculty encouragement, summarizing recent research findings and offering practical, evidence-based implications for educators. This paper also highlights key research gaps and proposes future directions to advance the field. As faculty encouragement continues to garner attention, this paper emphasizes its transformative potential to enhance faculty-student relationships and calls for further research to expand its application and impact.