AI大時代人何去何從：人機關係與教育前景

The Future of Humanity in the AI Era: Human-Machine Relations and Educational Prospects

2024年諾貝爾物理學獎和化學獎頒發給AI領域三位宗師，預示著AI時代的到臨。AI將如同啟蒙運動和工業革命，深刻改變人類的思維模式與生活方式。然而，AI具有高效能與高風險的雙面性，連諾貝爾獎得主G. Hinton也警告其潛在危險。本文旨在說明AI的雙面性，並嘗試提出因應之道，主要在人機關係與教育前景兩面向。本文共分五部分：首先以GPT-4為例1，簡述生成式AI發展現況，特別是GPT-4的湧現現象與思維鏈技術的突破。然後，分析GPT-4相對於人類智能的優勢與局限。第三部分探討AI對社會、經濟與人類心理等的影響。第四部分從學界三觀點出發，然後試著提出適切的人機關係：以人為本，把AI當作生命體與道德體，互惠共榮；強調AI不應只是工具，更是智能體、生命體，甚至道德體。最後，本文展望AI時代的教育前景，強調情意陶養與高層認知培育的重要性，並提出教與學可參考的三原則。期望本文能激發更多人深思AI時代的人類去向，如何在高科技發展中透過教育陶養人最珍貴的特質。

The awarding of the 2024 Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry to three pioneers in the field of AI signifies the advent of the AI era. Like the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, AIis poised to profoundly transform human cognition and ways of life. However, AI presents a dual nature of high efficiency and high risk, as even Nobel laureate G. Hinton has warned of its potential dangers. This paper aims to elucidate the dual nature of AI and propose strategies for addressing its challenges, with a particular focus on human-machine relations and educational prospects. The paper is structured into five sections. First, using GPT-4 as a case study, it briefly outlines the development of generative AI, emphasizing the phenomenon of emergence and breakthroughs in chain-of-thought reasoning. Second, it analyzes the advantages and limitations of GPT-4 in comparison to human intelligence. The third section examines AI’s impact on society, the economy, and human psychology. The fourth section presents three scholarly perspectives on human-machine relations and proposes an appropriate framework: “Human-centered, viewing AI as a symbiotic entity with moral and existential dimensions.” This perspective underscores that AI should not be merely a tool but rather an intelligent entity, a living system, and even a moral agent. Finally, the paper explores the future of education in the AI era, emphasizing the importance of affective development and higher-order cognitive skills while proposing three guiding principles for teaching and learning. This study aspires to inspire deeper reflection on humanity’s trajectory in the AI age and how education can cultivate the most valuable human qualities amid rapid technological advancements.