從語言接觸的觀點看臺灣閩南語及臺灣華語的日語借詞

Japanese Loanwords in Taiwanese Southern Min and Taiwanese Mandarin from the Perspective of Language Contact

由於歷史因素，使得大量的日語詞彙進入到臺灣且留存至今，與中國大陸、東南亞等地的閩南語有所不同，可說是臺灣閩南語的一大特色。借入的詞彙既有日語固有詞，也有日語外來詞，甚至與臺灣閩南語接觸後產生新的形態及用法。這些日語借詞不論是借音或是借形，也或多或少發生意義上的改變。另一方面，由於日本鄰近臺灣，加上日本文化的長期影響，臺灣華語裡也出現了許多日語借詞。然而與臺灣閩南語不同的是借形的詞彙更多。只不過由於臺灣華語的書寫文字即是漢字，因此哪些成分是借用自日語的詞彙與詞綴，其實有判斷上的困難。本文針對臺灣閩南語和臺灣華語的日語借詞進行研究，有以下的發現：一、這些語言接觸後產生的日語借詞充斥在我們的日常生活中，佔有相當重要的地位。二。、臺灣閩南語的日語借詞在語音、語義及詞形上產生諸多變化，反映出臺灣閩南語移借日語時的豐富面貌。三、臺灣華語裡從日語借入許多複合詞及詞綴，並從這些詞綴產製出更多的派生詞。研究這些派生詞將有助於華語的詞彙教學。

Beginning in 1895, Taiwan was ruled by Japan for nearly fifty years, which resulted in many Japanese words entering Taiwanese Southern Min and surviving to this day. Taiwanese Southern Min is different from the Southern Min in mainland China, Southeast Asia and other places, and these Japanese loanwords can be said to be a distinguishing feature of Taiwanese Southern Min. At the same time, Taiwanese Mandarin also borrowed Japanese words via both phonetics and characters. This article investigates the loanwords in Taiwanese Southern Min and Taiwanese Mandarin, with the main findings being: 1. The Japanese loanwords produced after language contact are part of our daily lives and occupy a very important position in our language use. 2. The Japanese loanwords of Taiwanese Southern Min have undergone many changes in pronunciation, semantics and word form, reflecting the rich features of Taiwanese Southern Min when borrowing from Japanese. 3. Taiwanese Mandarin borrowed many compound words and affixes from Japanese and produced more derived words from these affixes. Studying these derived words will help Taiwanese Mandarin vocabulary teaching.