達悟語的身體與隱喻

The Body and Metaphor in Tao

本研究從概念隱喻（Lakoff & Johnson 1980）的觀點（探討在達悟語中身體內在和外在部位的詞彙所產生的隱喻及其中可能隱含的認知現象和文化底蘊。我們觀察到在這個語言中的身體部位詞彙經常會與物質世界中的實體物件產生互動後產生各項的隱喻探內在的部位例如心、腦、內臟等這一類詞彙及經常會以本體隱喻的方式形成以各種隱喻性的表達方式。外在部位的詞彙則傾向以Lakoff (1993)所提出的概念映射的方式（探包括形狀概念和位置概念的映射等探形成不同隱喻。此外這個語言中身體外在部位的隱喻產生方式還包含Lakoff & Johnson (1980)所提出的擬人化、轉喻等用法探我們也在文中一一深入討。

This study explores the metaphors produced by words used for internal and external body parts in the Tao Language and the possible implicit cognitive phenomena therein from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, especially the conceptual metaphor theory advanced by Lakoff & Johnson (1980). We find that words for body parts in Tao often interact with objects in the material world to produce various metaphors. Words for internal body parts such as the heart, brain, and internal organs are often in the form of ontological metaphors whereas words for external body parts form metaphors that exemplify Lakoff’s (1993) conceptual mapping, including shape mapping and position mapping. The ways in which metaphors of external body parts are produced in Tao language also include the usages of personification and metonymy proposed by Lakoff & Johnson (1980), highlighting the uniqueness of Tao culture.