初探設計思考教學融入國小低年級課程──以生活領域課程為例

Exploring the Integration of Design Thinking Instruction into Lower Grade Elementary School Curriculum: A Case Study of Life Domain Courses

本研究目的在於探索設計思考是否可以融入國小低年級學生課程中。本研究藉由課程活動將設計思考融入國小一年級生活領域課程，進行八週的課程活動，該活動利用設計思考模式進行團隊活動的設計與實施，引導國小一年級學生透過觀察、體驗、同儕討論、擬定，共同進行規範的設立等活動，讓學生可以歷經設計思考之同理、釐清、發想、原型與測試的過程，目的是讓學生從過程中培養發現問題與解決問題的學習模式，這個課程內容符合，108年十二年國教課程綱要的「系統思考與解決問題」核心素養，該素養強調學習者應進行系統思考以解決問題，並具備創造力與主動性，揭示國小階段學生也須學習與具備問題理解、思辨分析的系統思考，並能行動與反思，有效解決生活中的問題，以因應未來面對問題、分析問題、思考問題、解決問題的能力。於活動實施前、中、後蒐集學生回饋單、課堂觀察量表等記錄，並透過訪談加以探究學生在實施設計思考的課程後，產生的變化。結果顯示，設計思考方法在國小低年級學生的課程活動中具有正向影響，同時也發現國小低年級學生初期在接觸設計思考模式的活動課程時，因學齡小且先備知識不足，需要教師較多的引導與協助。

This study explores integrating design thinking into the curriculum for lower-grade elementary school students. The research involved an eight-week program incorporating design thinking into the first-grade life domain curriculum. Through team activities designed and implemented using the design thinking model, first-grade students engaged in observation, experience, peer discussion, and rule-setting activities. The process guided students through empathy, definition, ideation, prototyping, and testing stages, aiming to cultivate a learning model focused on identifying and solving problems. This curriculum aligns with the ''system thinking and problem-solving'' core competency emphasized in the 2019 Curriculum Guidelines of 12-Year Basic Education, which highlights the need for learners to engage in systemic thinking to solve problems, demonstrate creativity and initiative, and develop problem-understanding, analytical, and reflective skills. Data collection included student feedback forms, classroom observation scales, and interviews conducted before, during, and after the activities to examine changes in students following the implementation of design thinking. The results indicated a positive impact of design thinking on lower-grade elementary students. However, the findings also revealed that younger students required more teacher guidance and support when engaging with design thinking activities due to their age and limited prior knowledge.