我國最低工資法發展過程及其現況之研究

Research on the Development Process and Current Situation of Minimum Wage Law in Taiwan

本研究以跨國文獻比較分析，探討其他國家實施最低工資制度的特點，並與我國最低工資法比較。美國早在1938年就將最低工資制度規定在《公平勞動基準法》中，該制度歷史悠久，其最低工資制度在全球具有重要影響力，且美國各州保有自治權限，可依各區情況自訂各州的最低工資；日本則將最低工資制度分為地區最低工資與特定最低工資；英國則是根據勞工的年齡來規定各年齡層勞工的最低工資；韓國則是與我國經濟發展模式與產業結構相似，皆以商品出口為導向，最低工資制度與我國相似。我國可以參考美國的設計及執行經驗、日本的最低工資制度的分類、英國的年齡分層最低工資、韓國的實施制度，作為我國最低工資制度的發展借鏡。
近年來，我國為了解決薪資停滯問題並與國際接軌，不斷提倡提高最低工資的法律位階。《最低工資法》的立法和審議機制的完善，改善了過去基本工資制度的不足，包括提升最低工資為法律位階；組成「最低工資審議會」定期開會；明確審議參採指標；明確的最低工資議決與核定程序；建立跨領域研究小組先行評估；處罰違反最低工資之事業單位等。本研究總結我國最低工資制度的發展歷程，以及最低工資法現況與未來的展望。

This study uses a comparative analysis of cross-national literature to explore the characteris¬tics of minimum wage systems implemented in other countries and compare them with my coun¬try's minimum wage law. The United States stipulated the minimum wage system in the Fair La¬bor Standards Act as early as 1938. This system has a long history. Its minimum wage system has an important influence in the world. Each state in the United States retains its autonomy and can customize its own rules according to the conditions of each district. Japan divides the minimum wage system into regional minimum wages and specific minimum wages; the United Kingdom stipulates the minimum wages for workers of all ages based on the age of the workers; South Ko¬rea has an economic development model and industrial structure similar to our country. They are all oriented towards commodity exports, and the minimum wage system is similar to that of our country. Our country can refer to the design and implementation experience of the United States, the classification of Japan’s minimum wage system, the age-stratified minimum wage of the Unit¬ed Kingdom, and the implementation system of South Korea as a reference for the development of our country’s minimum wage system.
In recent years, in order to solve the problem of wage stagnation and integrate with interna¬tional standards, our country has continuously advocated raising the legal level of the minimum wage. The improvement of the legislation and review mechanism of the ''Minimum Wage Law'' has improved the deficiencies of the past basic wage system, including raising the minimum wage to a legal level; forming a ''Minimum Wage Review Committee'' to meet regularly; clarifying the review and procurement indicators; clarifying the minimum wage Wage decision-making and ap-proval procedures; establishing a cross-field research team for preliminary assessment; punishing institutions that violate the minimum wage, etc. This study summarizes the development history of my country’s minimum wage system, as well as the current status and future prospects of the minimum wage law.