日本、韓國與我國之國際學生延攬與留用政策比較分析

A Comparative Analysis of International Student Recruitment and Retention Policies in Japan, Korea and Taiwan

隨著我國面對少子化、高齡化的人口轉型問題，人口紅利最快將於2028年消失。面對未來嚴峻的勞動力短缺問題，我國近年致力於延攬與留用僑外生，期望透過放寬留臺就業規定、開設新型專班及設立海外基地，以促進僑外生來臺且畢業後在臺就業。日本與韓國等亞洲鄰近國家與我國相仿，近期亦面對人口轉型的挑戰，也致力於延攬與國際學生的留用。為瞭解日、韓與我國在延攬和留用國際學生的政策策略，本文將蒐集各國政府新聞稿、文獻、網站與其他次級資料，並比較各國政策措施與歸納各國面臨的挑戰。
本文發現，各國的政策策略不完全相同，日本著重於降低學生畢業後的就業阻礙，包含企業文化適應與商用語言溝通，而韓國聚焦於促進理工科系學生取得永久居留，加強與移民政策之銜接；我國則是整體性放寬就業與永居規定，並透過為國際學生特別設立專班的形式，增加整體國際學生留臺就業的人數。儘管如此，各國在政策執行上仍面對國際學生在地語言能力不足、企業不熟悉如何運用國際學生人力資源等共同挑戰。我國或可學習他國經驗，以截長補短，例如我國在促進留用僑外生時，可參考日本協助學生融入當地企業文化的措施與商用日語課程的設計，提供類似的政策，以減少僑外生留臺就業的阻礙。

Taiwan faces a demographic transition characterized by low birth rates and an aging population, leading to a severe labor shortage. To address this, Taiwan has been working to attract and retain international students, encouraging them to study and work in the country. Neighboring countries like Japan and South Korea face similar challenges and are also focused on recruiting and retaining international students.
This article examines the strategies of these countries by reviewing government press releases, documents, websites, and other sources. It highlights that while Japan reduces employment barriers through corporate cultural adaptation and business language training, South Korea promotes permanent residency for science and engineering students. Taiwan, by contrast, has generally relaxed employment and permanent residency regulations and established special programs to increase the number of international students staying and working in Taiwan.
Despite these efforts, challenges remain, s such as international students' insufficient proficiency in the local language and companies' unfamiliarity with how to utilize these students effectively. The article suggests that Taiwan can learn from Japan's curriculum design to help international students integrate better into local corporate culture, thereby easing their transition into the workforce.