鐵道運輸業值班站長工作壓力對離職意向之影響──以臺鐵為例

The Effect of Work Stress on the Turnover Intention of Stationmasters in the Railway Transport Industry: A Case Study of Taiwan Railways

臺鐵環島鐵路網的順利與安全運轉，仰賴現場專業行車人員在高度工作壓力下盡責工作，因此行車人員的工作壓力問題值得深入研究與探討，以進一步識別壓力來源並加以改善，從而為行車人員提供更健康的工作環境。在臺鐵的各項工作職務中，值班站長屬於基層車站的輪班職位，但同時也肩負了主管責任，其工作內容不僅涵蓋行車運轉，還涉及旅客服務，較其他專注於單一業務的職務顯得更加特殊。
基於此，本文從工作壓力、待遇架構、離職意向等3個構面設計問卷，並針對臺鐵現任值班站長進行調查，最終回收有效問卷180份。研究採用敘述統計、因素分析與路徑分析等方法進行探討。
分析結果顯示，臺鐵值班站長的工作壓力對離職意向有顯著影響，而待遇架構對離職意向的影響並不顯著，但多數值班站長認為待遇架構存在不合理之處。此外，因素與路徑分析結果也表明，專業訓練不足顯著增加了值班站長的工作壓力。因此，降低值班站長工作壓力的最直接方式是強化專業訓練。

The smooth and safe operation of the island-round Taiwan railway network relies on the dedicated efforts of professional on-site operating staff working under high-pressure environments. Therefore, the issue of work stress for these personnel is worthy of in-depth study and analysis to further identify sources of stress and implement improvements, thereby providing a healthier working environment. Among the various positions in Taiwan Railways, the stationmaster on duty is a frontline, rotating shift position with supervisory responsibilities. In addition to train operations, the stationmaster's duties include handling passenger services, making the role more distinct than others focusing solely on a single area of responsibility.
Accordingly, this study designed a questionnaire based on three dimensions: work stress, salary structure, and turnover intention. A total of 180 valid responses were collected from current stationmasters on duty at Taiwan Railways. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and path analysis.
The results show that the work stress of Taiwan Railways stationmasters significantly affects their turnover intention, while the salary structure does not have a significant effect on turnover intention. However, most stationmasters agree that the current salary structure is unreasonable. Furthermore, factor and path analysis results indicate that insufficient professional training significantly increases work stress. Therefore, the most direct approach to reducing the work stress of stationmasters is to strengthen professional training.