大專棒球野手之功能性動作型態及活動度與跑壘及打擊技術表現之關聯性

The correlation among the functional movement pattern, range of motion, base-running ability, and hitting skills for the collegiate baseball fielders

緒論：功能性動作檢測(functional movement screen, FMS)可用來了解運動員動作偏差及預防動作失能，但未針對棒球專項技術的關聯進行分析，本研究目的是檢測大專棒球野手FMS，並建立FMS與專項技術間的關係。方法：招募棒球野手24位，以FMS工具及自行開發之即時影像關節角度判別系統進行七項FMS人工評分與關節活動度測量，及棒球專項技術表現檢測(跑壘速度、打擊之擊球速度、揮棒速度、擊球飛行距離、與擊球仰角)。統計以無母數分析Kruskal-Wallis檢定以及事後比較分析FMS關節角度與棒球專項技術數據，最後以Spearman相關性檢定分析FMS關節角度與專項技術間的關係。結果：守備位置在FMS人工評分分數與七項FMS關節活動度均無顯著差異(p > .05)，FMS總分為13.5±1.8分。揮棒速度、擊球飛行距離與跨欄、直線弓步蹲、及主動直膝抬腿呈現負相關(ICC = - 0.413 ~ - 0.523)，且擊球飛行距離亦與直線弓步蹲(右側)髖彎曲角度具有正相關(ICC = 0.486)，擊球仰角則與轉體穩定度的測量角度具有負相關(ICC =-0.476 ~ -0.518)，跑壘則與深蹲腳踝的活動度達正相關(ICC = 0.452 ~ 0.475, p < .05)。結論：以自製、量化的即時影像關節角度辨識方式可輔助FMS篩檢作為二維運動學定量分析方式；打擊表現與跨欄、直線弓步蹲、主動直膝抬腿的測量角度具有反向關聯，顯示近端肢段的動作模式與活動度會影響力量的串聯與傳遞至遠端肢段控制球棒的能力；跑壘則與深蹲腳踝的活動度達正相關，表示腳踝的柔軟度對於跑壘的速度、下肢發力、與彎道加速有關連性。建議深蹲、跨欄、直線弓步蹲、主動直膝抬腿、及轉體穩定度可用來評估選手的打擊與跑壘能力。

Introduction: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) can be used to assess athletes’movement asymmetry and prevent movement dysfunction. Notably, studies have yet to analyze the correlation between FMS scores and baseball-specific skills. Accordingly, the present study assessed the relationship between FMS manual scores and baseball-specific skills in college baseball fielders. Methods: Twenty-four baseball fielders participated in this study. Measurements for seven FMS items and range of motion (ROM) were obtained using FMS tools and a self-developed real-time image joint angle recognition system. Additionally, baseball-specific skill performance (base-running speed, batting speed, bat-swing velocity, batting flight distance, and launch angle) was evaluated. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the nonparametric statistical analysis and post hoc comparative analysis of FMS ROM and baseball-specific skill performance data. Finally, the Spearman rank-order correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between FMS ROM and baseball-specific skill performance. Results: No significant difference was identified between the FMS manual score and the seven FMS ROM items in the fielding position (p > .05), and the total FMS score was 13.5±1.8 points. Bat-swing velocity, ball flight distance, and bat speed were negatively correlated with performance on the hurdle step, in-line lunge, and active straight leg raise tests (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] =−0.413 -−0.523), and ball flight distance was positively correlated with the hip flexion angle during in-line lunges (right side; ICC = 0.486). A negative correlation between launch angle and the measured angle of rotary stability (ICC =−0.476 -−0.518) and a positive correlation between base running and ankle dorsiflexion ROM during deep squats (ICC = 0.452 - 0.475, p < .05) were identified. Conclusion: Employing the two-dimensional kinematics method using a self-developed, quantitative image recognition system can assist in FMS testing. Batting performance exhibited an inverse correlation with the ROM measurements for hurdle steps, in-line lunges, and active straight leg raises, indicating that the movement patterns and mobility of the proximal limb segment affected the transmission of power and force, particularly the ability to transfer force to the distal limbs to control the bat. Base-running speed was positively correlated with ankle mobility during deep squats, indicating that ankle flexibility significantly influenced base-running speed. These results indicate that deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, active straight leg raise, and rotator cuff stability tests are useful for evaluating the hitting and base-running abilities of baseball fielders.