第八屆女子足球世界盃前場定位球進攻特徵分析

Analysis of offensive characteristics in set-piece situations during the eighth FIFA Women’s World Cup

緒論：分析首次導入影像助理裁判(video assistant referee, VAR)對女子足球世界盃定位球之判罰次數的影響，目的旨在瞭解VAR介入後，對定位球判罰次數的影響，並探討定位球之戰術與成功率，提供擬定戰術之參考。方法：分析第八屆賽事的比賽影片，以描述性統計分析定位球次數、種類、進球率，含自由球、角球、12碼罰球、界外球。分析第八屆淘汰賽階段之自由球戰術、進球率、得分落點，以相關性統計分析定位球進球數和勝場之間的關係，顯著水準設α= .05。結果：首次導入VAR的第八屆女足世界盃會內賽的定位球進球共50個，自由球和角球各進15球，各占定位球總數30 %，十二碼罰球占36 %，第八屆賽事在淘汰賽階段紅牌數量為2次，黃牌數量為40次，自由球判罰次數為79次，共進6球，勝場數與定位球進球數呈正相關(r = .74，p = .001)。一人主罰的得分率為5.4 %，變換開球得分率為25 %，一撥一射得分率為25 %，在右外圍兩人配合進攻得分率為33 %，得分點集中在球門前至罰點球之間的位置。結論：VAR介入的首屆賽事，自由球判罰次數低於前屆，但進球率增加。自由球在邊路和外圍的自由球戰術配合得分效率較佳，變換開球位置與一撥一射的進攻，能找到更好的射門位置或傳球角度，增加進球率。

Introduction: This study investigated the influence of the first-time implementation of the video assistant referee (VAR) system in the FIFA Women’s World Cup. It aimed to understand the impact of VAR interventions on the frequency of set-piece (set play) decisions. It also aimed to draw insights from the set-piece tactics employed by international teams to improve scoring from set-pieces in women’s football. Methods: Match videos from the group stage of the eighth FIFA Women’s World Cup were analyzed. Set piece numbers, types, and goal rates, including free kicks, corner kicks, penalty kicks, and throw-ins, were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Free kick tactics, goal rates, and scoring points were also examined during the knockout stage. The relationship between the number of goals and the winning field was analyzed using correlation statistics, considering a significance level of .05. Results: In the eighth FIFA Women’s World Cup, the first to use VAR, there were 50 set-piece goals: 15 from free kicks (30 %), 15 from corner kicks (30 %), and 18 penalties (36 %). In the knockout stage, disciplinary actions included two red and 40 yellow cards, with 79 free kicks awarded, resulting in six goals. Match victories correlated positively with set-piece goals (r = .74, p = .001). In free-kick situations, the success rate was 5.4 % for a single-player shooting, 25 % for a player-changing kick strategy, 25 % for a one-passing attack, and 33 % for coordination between two players on the right side. The scoring points of free kicks in the attacking are in the central area of the penalty box. Conclusion: With VAR intervention in the eighth FIFA Women’s World Cup, the number of free-kicks awarded decreased while the proportion of goals scored from set pieces increased, highlighting their importance for match outcomes. Free kicks emerged as the primary scoring method, and strengthening tactical coordination for free kicks on the flanks and from the periphery facilitated scoring. Altering the starting position of free kicks and employing one-passing attacking strategies enabled the identification of optimal shooting positions or passing angles, resulting in a higher goal-scoring rate.