以SPLISS模式檢視國家帕拉運動發展：從世界經驗看臺灣未來

Examining national Paralympic sports development through the SPLISS model: Perspectives on Taiwan's future from global experiences

隨著自由民主的時代演進，重視人權的理念與制度逐漸成為普世價值，處於相對弱勢的身心障礙族群，其追求健康與運動的權利越來越受到先進國家與社會的關注，而推動與發展帕拉運動即是倡議生存、自由、尊重、平等的最佳證明。儘管臺灣在推展帕拉運動已有近四十年的歷史，但如何與國家競技運動的政策方向與管理制度相互配合，甚至建構屬於身心障礙族群的帕拉運動系統，有賴借鏡世界上在帕拉運動取得成就的國家。本文探討在De Bosscher等(2006)提出的「國際運動成功之運動政策因素」(Sport Policies Leading to International Sporting Success framework, SPLISS)模式，探討該模式對各政策面向的定義與相互關係，分析世界各國競技運動政策的實例，進而探究SPLISS模式在帕拉運動中的獨特性，及指出臺灣帕拉運動的發展現況與挑戰，為回應這些挑戰，結合SPLISS模式對帕拉運動政策的分析，本研究提出七項建議：臺灣應增加帕拉運動經費支持的多元化，整合國內與帕拉運動相關的體育行政單位，建構完善的帕拉運動選才與培訓制度，提供帕拉運動員訓練、參賽與退役後的各種必要支持，積極參與或申辦國際帕拉運動賽事，提升運動教練與技術人員對帕拉運動的專業知能，並鼓勵帕拉運動科學研究，以建構一個適合臺灣國情的高效能帕拉運動系統，並成為引領國際體育運動成功的政策模式。

As the era of liberal democracy evolves, the emphasis on human rights principles and systems has increasingly become a universal value. The pursuit of health and sports rights by people with disabilities, a relatively disadvantaged group, is garnering more attention from advanced countries and societies. The promotion and development of Paralympic sports stand as the best testament to advocating for survival, freedom, respect, and equality. Despite Taiwan's nearly four decades of history in promoting Paralympic sports, how to align and integrate these with national sports policies and management systems, and even to construct a Paralympic sports system for people with disabilities, relies on learning from countries that have achieved success in Paralympic sports. This paper focuses on the 'Sport Policies Leading to International Sporting Success' (SPLISS) framework proposed by De Bosscher et al. (2006). It examines the definitions and interrelations of various policy aspects within this model, analyze examples of sports policies in various countries, further explores the uniqueness of the SPLISS framework in Paralympic sports. Our study identifies the present situations and challenges of Paralympic sports development in Taiwan. Based on these challenges, combined with the analysis of the SPLISS framework on Paralympic sports policies, we proposes seven recommendations: Taiwan should diversify financial support for Paralympic sports, integrate domestic sports administrative units related to Paralympic sports, establish a comprehensive talent identification and training system, provide necessary support for training, competition, and postretirement for Paralympic athletes, actively participate in or host international Paralympic sports events, enhance the professional knowledge of coaches and technical personnel in Paralympic sports, and encourage scientific research in Paralympic sports. By implementing these strategies, Taiwan can establish Paralympic sports system tailored to its national context and create a policy model that can lead to international sporting success.