南朝華夷論述與「天竺中國」說交涉下的中、邊之辨

本文要在觀察南朝時期之佛教信仰如何影響中國傳統的世界觀，尤其當佛陀出生、遊化之地的天竺，被視為天地中心，也成為佛法價值信念的代稱時，傳統以華夏為中心的觀念，該如何重新消化並作出合理之判釋？除了華夏中心的世界觀在佛教刺激下被逐步打開，構成對此在「中國」話語權的挑戰，佛教於中國化的同時卻也使信仰上的天竺中心轉移。就此，筆者將聚焦於象徵道化遠近的「中心」與「邊緣」之辨，統述並比對正史與三教之間的華夷論述，以有效釐清相關癥結。首要處理《宋書•夷蠻》中隨著「天竺」被視為西南夷，佛教與中土僧人連帶被邊化書寫下，二軸並存的後設觀看問題；復而連結當時對兩大中心的各種論述與辨證，如何透過道、佛之爭而檯面化。

This study intends to observe how Buddhism during the Southern Dynasties affected the traditional Chinese worldview. In particular, when the“Tianzhu-Centered Heaven and Earth”where the Buddha was born and traveled also became a synonym for Buddhism, how would the traditional concept of Sino-centrism be re-digested and reasonably interpreted? The traditional worldview of Sino-centrism that was gradually opened up under the stimulation of Buddhism posed a challenge to the right to speak of“China.”While Buddhism was being sinicized, it also shifted the“Tianzhu-Centered”belief, resulting in the debate between the two centers. In terms of research methods, this study will focus on the debate of“center”and“margin”that symbolize the distance of enlightenment, integrate, and compare the official history and the documents of three religions to effectively clarify the relevant crux.