魯史視野下之《春秋經》編纂蠡說——以動詞「伐」為討論核心

《春秋經》動詞「伐」之文句，依其句式特色別為七種類型。經比對除魯閔公時期無資料可論，《春秋經》於十一位魯君時期使用「伐」之文句略有別異，推知各君在位乃任用不同大史記載魯史。史官本有其「書法」以編纂史冊，上述各魯君時期「伐」之句式略有別異，推測應係不同史官執筆之故。春秋諸侯國內任史官者不唯一族一氏，雖史官之家代代相承史職，然大史之官當非一家世襲。推測孔子據魯史而修《春秋經》，保留魯史之比例應不低。尤其魯大史所用句式極可能是保持原貌，當係孔子遵循魯史之「書法」所致。

In the Chun Qiu Jing, among verbs describing warfare,“fa”(伐) appears most frequently, followed by“qin”(侵),“zhan”(戰), and“bai”(敗). This paper analyzes sentences containing“fa”, which can be categorized into seven structural types. Except for Duke Min of Lu, whose reign lacks data, the usage of“fa”varires slightly across the reigns of eleven Lu rulers, suggesting different Grand Historians recorded Lu’s history. While historians followed distinct“writing principles”, these variations likely reflect individual writing styles. According to the Zuo Zhuan, Grand Historians of Qi, Jin, and Lu compiled state histories. As the Chun Qiu Jing was based on Lu’s records, it was likely written by Lu’s Grand Historians. Though the historian’s profession was hereditary, the Grand Historian’s position was not strictly passed within a single family. This study argues that each Lu ruler had a different Grand Historian, and Confucius, when editing the Chun Qiu Jing, likely preserved much of their original sentence patterns.