回顧民初南京政府環境治理議程：《實業計畫》與生態國家、發展學

儘管生態國家理論中相關學派已經整理出中國在環境治理議程的演變，但該學派僅發現中共建政以來（1949-）的環境治理內容，缺乏中華民國南京政府時期（1928-1948）對於環境治理政策的記載，因此形成了本文的研究問題：民國初期南京政府的環境治理議程內容如何？在此問題意識下，本文採用生態國家理論作為分析途徑，解構中國在南京政府時期的環境治理內容，初步形成以下論點與發現：《實業計畫》是華人世界的首份發展學規劃案，它具體列出後進國家的國家發展需要借重國際援助與國際投資，此種國家發展政策方向也與環境治理互相呼應，包含了資源管理和汙染管控，同時也呈現出南京政府的環境治理議程與生態國家內容。本文的預期貢獻不僅希望能使中國環境治理議程的歷史論述更加完整，並且強化《實業計畫》與孫中山在發展學的前沿影響力。

Although the evolution of China’s environmental governance agenda has been sorted out by relevant schools of the Eco-State theory, it contains only the environmental governance agenda by the Communist Party of China (1949 onwards), however, without the discussion of the period of the reign of the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China based in Nanjing (1928- 1937, 1946-1949). As such, the research topic of this paper arises: What was the environmental governance agenda of the Nanjing government of the early Republic of China? In view of the above, this paper adopts the following approach and uses the following case studies: Firstly, this paper adopts the Eco-State theory of contemporary development studies as the analysis approach to deconstruct China’s environmental governance agenda under the Nanjing government. Secondly, it selects the International Development of China as the main literature for case studies. The following preliminary arguments and findings were made: the International Development of China is the first development plan in the Chinese world, which specifically lists the national development needs of less-developed countries that rely on international assistance and international investment. This national development policy direction has echoes of the environmental governance agenda, which includes resource management and pollution control.The management of natural resources not only helped China’s modernization but also presented the environmental governance agenda and Eco-State contents of the early Republic of China. This paper is expected to contribute to the further completion of the historical discourse on China’s environmental governance agenda, and to strengthen the influences of the International Development of China and Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Development Studies.