原住民（族）自然資源權利與森林產物採取——以司法判決呈現的圖像為中心

A Study on Indigenous Peoples’Rights to Natural Resources: Focusing on Judicial Recognition of Their Rights to Forestry and Collection of Related Products

本文關注原住民（族）自然資源權利與森林法第50條及第52條（加重）竊取森林主、副產物罪刑事規範之衝突問題，以「全國原住民採取森林產物之判決」為對象，觀察我國司法實務在審判過程中如何適用及審酌原住民族基本法第19條及森林法第15條第4項。尤其是森林法第15條第4項授權訂定的「原住民族依生活慣俗採取森林產物規則」在2019年7月4日公布施行，司法實務在見解有何變化亦為本文關注焦點。本文從原住民（族）自然資源權利與森林採取之關係出發，接續觀察我國司法判決如何看待原住民採取森林產物之行為；奠基於判決考察結果，以分析目前關於原住民（族）採取森林產物法制度之相關問題。本文認為須擺脫「原住民族人採取森林產物」與「森林資源保育」衝突的二元對立論，而需正確理解原住民（族）自然資源權利帶有「自然資源治理權」之特性，並將之落實於法制度上。

This article focuses on the conflict between indigenous peoples’rights to natural resources and the criminal regulations of Articles 50 and 52 of the Forestry Act. Particularly, it examines how judicial judgements in Taiwan applies and considers Article 19 of the Indigenous Peoples Basic Law and Article 15, Paragraph 4 of the Forestry Act in the trial process. Moreover, as the“Regulations on Indigenous Peoples’Customary Practices in Collecting Forest Products”stipulated by Article 15, Paragraph 4 of the Forestry Act has come into effect on July 4, 2019, it is worthy of exploring changes in judicial opinions and practice. This article firstly discusses the relationship between indigenous peoples’natural resource rights and forest products collection, and secondly considers how judicial judgments in Taiwan perceive indigenous people’s forest products collection. Based on the examination of judgments, this article further analyzes current legal issues related to forest products collection of indigenous people(s).
Drawing on research findings, this article argues that Taiwanese law should move away from the binary opposition between“indigenous peoples’right to use natural resources”and“the conservation of natural resources”as these two areas of activity are in fact mutually supportive.