醫療爭訟解決之新趨勢——兼論德日法制與實務經驗

New Approaches to Medical Dispute Resolution: An Analysis of the Legal System and Practice Experiences in Germany and Japan

為了創造友善健康的醫病環境，並能保障病人之醫療權益，有效預防和避免醫療事故的發生，以及在事故發生後能夠迅速妥善解決問題、化解爭端，近年來各國無不積極推動各項立法與政策等應對措施。例如德國和日本等世界醫療先進大國，與臺灣擁有相同的高水平醫療體系，但同樣都需應對病人及其家屬頻繁的醫療爭訟。
臺灣自2022年5月30日通過「醫療事故預防及爭議處理法」，本法參考各國的立法和實務經驗，建立醫療機構內部的風險管理和外部通報除錯機制，同時強化了醫療人員的專業水平和責任意識。本文主要將分析該法主要內容，同時輔以德國和日本在醫療爭議調解程序和醫療事故預防等為重點分析，進一步借鑑兩國經驗，為我國相關實務與學術研究做出貢獻。

In recent years, numerous countries have been actively promoting legislative and policy measures to cultivate a friendly and supportive medical environment while safeguarding patients’rights and interests. This is aimed to mitigate medical incidents effectively and resolve disputes promptly and fairly when incidents arise. Advanced medical countries such as Germany and Japan which share the same high level of medical system as Taiwan are no exception as these countries also have to encounter challenges in managing frequent medical disputes involving patients and their families.
On May 30, 2022, Taiwan enacted the Medical Accident Prevention and Dispute Resolution Act, drawing upon legislative and practical insights from various countries. This Act bolsters internal risk management within medical institutions, establishes external notification and debugging mechanisms, and enhances the professionalism and accountability of medical staff. This paper will analyze the main contents of the Act while delving into Germany and Japan’s mediation procedures for medical disputes and incident prevention. By learning from the experiences of these two countries, this article seeks to enrich both relevant practical and academic research in Taiwan.