清初鄭芝龍在京活動與黨爭涉入：兼論黃道周案歷史書寫

Symbiosis with the Qing: Zheng Zhilong and the Formation of Historical Memory

鄭芝龍是受到廣泛關注的歷史人物，不僅是十七世紀中西交流史的縮影，也是影響中國史進程的要角。雖然學術界已從中外文材料探究他精彩的一生，但對鄭芝龍降清後的認識相當有限。在有限的研究中，鄭芝龍僅是被大清軟禁、勸誘鄭成功的人質及忠義鄭成功、黃道周的相對面。本文首先論述鄭芝龍旗籍隸屬，同時闡述其在北京的人際網絡及涉入順治朝黨爭。最後，從文人、遺民的書寫來理解清初有關鄭芝龍的歷史敘事，如何從單純的跋扈到結合黃道周之死的歷史記憶和解釋，自順治末到康熙年間被視為一體出現，並在乾隆朝被廣為利用，遂形成官方歷史書寫的定論。

Zheng Zhilong (1604-1661) is an important historical figure. Not only did he play a pivotal role in global exchanges during the seventeenth century, he also greatly influenced the course of Chinese history. Despite extensive scholarship on him, relatively little attention has been given to his activities after he surrendered to the Qing dynasty in 1646. Scholars have traditionally focused on his role as a hostage meant to persuade his son, Zheng Chenggong, to surrender to the Qing court. He is often portrayed negatively, in contrast to loyalists like Zheng Chenggong and Huang Daozhou.
This article aims to provide a more nuanced portrait of Zheng Zhilong. It argues that his decision to surrender to the Qing was made only after careful consideration. It also examines his Banner affiliation, the structure of his social network in Beijing, and the circumstances surrounding his involvement in factional strife following the death of the regent Dorgon. Furthermore, this article demonstrates how historical narratives about Zheng Zhilong evolved from a simple portrayal of an arrogant military leader to a more complex interpretation intertwining his life with the memory of Huang Daozhou’s death. This reinterpretation of his life began in the Kangxi period and gained prominence during the Qianlong period, eventually developing into a near-mythical narrative that pitted Zheng Zhilong, the villain, against Huang Daozhou, the virtuous hero.