現代PTA對多邊貿易之經濟影響及其規範成因——兼評RCEP與CPTPP的競爭政策差異

The Economic Impact of Modern PTA on Multilateral Trade and Its Normative Causes—An Evaluation of the Competition Policy Differences between RCEP and CPTPP

經濟學界對於優惠貿易協定（PTA）究竟是世界多邊貿易的“墊腳石”還是“絆腳石”的爭論由來已久，但我國法學界對此問題一直無法給出系統、正面的回應。究其原因，在於我國法學界長期忽視經濟學界的研究成果。梳理經濟學界的理論及實證研究，會發現現代優惠貿易協定由於其“邊境後”與“非歧視性”的特徵事實，給世界多邊貿易帶來了正向經濟效益。從規範層面看，現代優惠貿易協定的上述特徵主要由兩種規範模式具體運作體現。同時，在競爭政策規則的視角下，CPTPP對世界多邊貿易的經濟貢獻理論上高於RCEP。我國在未來通過國內體制改革對接更高標準國際經貿規則的嘗試，不僅將帶動我國經濟高水平發展，也將為世界多邊貿易作出貢獻。

The economics profession has long debated whether preferential trade agreements are a ''stepping stone'' or a ''stumbling block'' to multilateral trade in the world, but the legal profession in China has not been able to give a systematic and positive response to this issue. The reason for this is that China's legal profession has long ignored the research results of the economics profession. Combing the theory of economics and empirical research, will find that the modem preferential trade agreements because of its ''behind the border'' and ''non-discriminatory'' characteristics in fact, to the world of multilateral trade has brought positive economic benefits. At the normative level, the above features of modern PTAs are mainly reflected by the operation of the two normative models. Meanwhile, under the perspective of competition policy rules, the economic contribution of CPTPP to world multilateral trade is theoretically higher than that of RCEP, and China's future attempts to connect to higher international economic and trade rules through domestic institutional reform will not only bring about a high level of development of China's economy, but will also contribute to world multilateral trade.