國際法上的類比法律方法——費爾南多．博爾丁博士《國家和國際組織的類比》述評

Analogy Legal Method in International Law: Commentary on ''The Analogy between States and International Organizations'' of Dr. Fernando Lusa Bordin

《國家和國際組織的類比》在2018年由劍橋大學出版社出版，是劍橋大學法學博士費爾南多．博爾丁對國際法中類比法律方法加以研究的權威之作。作者在該書中聚焦並討論了國際法中國家和國際組織相關規則的類比，並從普遍性的視角出發審視了國際法上的類比法律方法，具體包含類比的對象、場景、正當性和運行機制等。從國內法上類比法律方法的正當性出發，對其遷移至國際法的可行性加以考察，是博爾丁博士頗具創新性的思路。至於國際法上類比法律方法的運作機制，博爾丁博士借鑒了斯科特．布魯爾教授關於類比在法學學科中運用的一般流程，即溯因、確認和適用。但需要指出，由於可類比性的判斷在很大程度上取決於類比使用者的個人經驗與知識結構，多數情況下是在個案中進行判斷，因此需要附加對類比結論的反思性調整，最終即能形成完整的類比運作機制。

The book ''The Analogy between States and International Organizations'' was published by the Cambridge University Press in 2018. It is the authoritative work of Fernando Lusa Bordin, a Ph. D. in law at the University of Cambridge, who studied the analogical legal method in international law. In this book, the author focuses on and discusses the analogy between the rules of states and international organizations in international law, and examines the analogy legal method in international law from a universal perspective, including its objects, scenarios, legitimacy, and operation mechanisms. Starting from the legitimacy of the domestic legal method of analogy, Dr. Bordin has investigated its feasibility in international law, which is a rather innovative idea. As for the operation mechanism of the analogy legal method in international law, Dr- Bordin has referred from Professor Scott Brewer's general process of analogy application in legal disciplines, namely: abduction, confirmation, and application. However, it should be noted that because the determination of analogy depends largely on the personal experience and knowledge structure of the user of analogy, in most cases it is judged on a case-by-case basis. Therefore, additional reflective adjustment of the analogy conclusion is needed to form a complete analogical operation mechanism.