RCEP金融數據流動例外條款的濫用之虞與破解策略

The Potential for Abuse of the Financial Data Flow Exception Clauses in RCEP and the Solutions

RCEP《金融服務附件》代表了目前我國金融服務貿易領域的最高水平承諾。金融數據跨境流動所引發的數據安全與金融安全問題受到國際社會的廣泛關注，國際貿易法中例外條款的設置為平衡數據保護與數據流動之間的矛盾提供了規制思路。RCEP響應數字經濟發展背景下發展中國家的利益訴求，為金融數據流動設計了一套豐富且具有自主性的例外條款，賦予發展中國家廣泛的監管政策空間。但是條款適用限制不足以及順序不明等問題，易引發各成員國對例外條款的高度依賴，架空關於日常業務下金融數據自由流動的承諾。例外條款具有雙刃劍特性，只有通過科學合理的設置，有效避免條款濫用，才能使其在平衡金融數據跨境流動的複雜價值鏈中發揮應有作用。

Financial Services Annex in the RCEP currently represents the highest level of commitment in China's financial sector. The data security and financial security issues arising from the cross-border flow of financial data have been widely concerned by the international community, and the setting of exception clauses in international trade law provides regulatory ideas for balancing the contradictions between data protection, data flow and data sovereignty. Responding to the interests of developing countries in the context of the development of the digital economy, RCEP has designed a set of rich and autonomous exception clauses for financial data flow, giving developing countries a wide range of regulatory policy space. However, insufficient restrictions on the application of the provisions and unclear order of the provisions may lead to a high degree of reliance on the exception clauses by member states, thus undermining the commitment to the free flow of financial data in day-to-day business. The exception clauses are double-edged swords, and only through scientific and reasonable settings, and effectively avoiding the abuse, can the clauses play a proper role in balancing the complex value chain in the cross-border flow of financial data.