國際投資法語境下的數據跨境流動規制研究

Study on the Regulation of Cross-border Data Flow in the Context of International Investment Law

數字經濟時代，國際投資對數據跨境流動的依賴性日益增強。各國基於保護國家安全、數據主權及個人信息權益等考量，對數據跨境流動施加多重限制。這在一定程度上對我國營商環境造成負面影響，阻礙了外商投資，繼而與外商投資法律體系旨在促進和保護外資的立法目標產生衝突。從國際投資爭端解決角度，國際投資法對我國數據跨境流動規制的限制主要體現在規制形式限制而非實質限制。引入“投資便利化”，針對與投資有關的數據流動實施“投資便利化”，一方面能夠緩解上述衝突，在尊重我國國家規制權的同時，保障外國投資者權益，提高外商投資吸引力；另一方面，將有助於我國更好地履行國際投資法下的義務，避免違反國際投資協定和潛在國際投資爭端的發生。

In the era of the digital economy, international investment is increasingly dependent on the cross-border data flow. Based on the protection of national security, data sovereignty and the rights and interests of personal information, countries have imposed multiple restrictions on the cross-border flow of data. To a certain extent, this negatively affects China's business environment and hinders foreign investment, which in turn conflicts with the legislative objectives of the foreign investment legal system to promote and protect foreign investment. From the perspective of international investment dispute settlement, the restrictions imposed by international investment law on the cross-border flow of data in China are mainly reflected in the form of restrictions rather than the substance. The introduction of ''investment facilitation'' for investment-related data flows can, on the one hand, alleviate the above conflict, better protect the rights and interests of foreign investors and enhance the attractiveness of foreign investment while respecting China's national right to regulate. On the other hand, it will help China to better fulfil its obligations under international investment law and avoid violations of international investment agreements and potential international investment disputes.