大學廣播電台與著作權集體管理團體

University Radio Stations and Copyright Collective Management Organizations

我國目前跟國家通訊傳播委員會申請執照核准的大學廣播電台共計13家，而隨著著作權保護的意識抬頭，大學廣播電台因播放音樂而須支付使用報酬，因此維持大學廣播電台的營運，除固有的設備、人力等支出外，還須加上著作權使用報酬。惟若依照3家音樂著作集體管理團體與錄音著作集體管理團體所公告的使用報酬支付，對於大學廣播電台的營運可謂不算輕的負擔；而隨著網路普及，利用網路傳送節目之方式更趨於多元，對於大學廣播電台而言，使學生能嘗試更多元的製作與傳送節目方式，應更能符合設置大學廣播電台的目的，惟此意味著應支付更高的著作權使用報酬。再者，縱使依照上表支付所有應付的使用報酬後，大學廣播電台仍有可能面臨未將其著作交由集體管理團體管理之權利人提起侵權訴訟。凡此種種，均造成大學廣播電台在經營上的困難。是以，本文以德國作為比較法研究的對象，嘗試從我國集體管理團體運作既有的問題與大學廣播電台的功能二方面討論，並提出可能的解決方案。

The total number of university radio stations in our country that have currently applied for and received license approval from the National Communications Commission is 13. With the growing awareness of copyright protection, university radio stations are required to pay remuneration for playing music. Therefore, To sustain the operation of university radio stations, in addition to the usual expenses such as equipment and personnel, copyright remuneration must also be included. If the remuneration is paid according to the rates announced by the three music copyright collective management organizations and the sound recording copyright collective management organization, it would be considered a significant burden on the operation of university radio stations. Furthermore, with the widespread use of the internet, the methods of transmitting programs online have become more diverse. For university radio stations, allowing students to experiment with a wider range of program production and transmission methods should better align with the purpose of establishing university radio stations. However, this implies that university radio stations need to pay higher remuneration. Another problem is that even after paying all the required remuneration according to the table above, university radio stations may still face infringement lawsuits from rights holders who have not entrusted their works to collective management organizations. All these factors contribute to the operational difficulties faced by university radio stations. This article uses Germany as a subject for comparative legal research, attempting to discuss the existing issues in the operation of collective management organizations in our country and the role of university radio stations, and to propose possible solutions.