《寺廟興辦公益慈善事業實施辦法》摭談

A Brief Discussion on the“Implementation Measures for Establishing Public Welfare Charities in Temples”

《寺廟興辦公益慈善事業實施辦法》係南京國民政府管理佛教之一份重要文獻，自頒布至廢除的過程中，政、教雙方的互動，很好地體現何謂「人間佛教」。本文主要內容在於試圖還原其歷史軌跡。
南京國民政府於1932年9月頒布《寺廟興辦公益慈善事業實施辦法》，其中廟產的處置權等問題引起了佛教界的抗議，因而南京國民政府在1933年2月宣布暫緩施行。其後，佛教界自主擬定了《佛教寺廟興辦慈善公益事業規則》，經南京國民政府修訂後，於1935年1月頒布。1939年10月，重慶國民政府在《佛教寺廟興辦慈善公益事業規則》的基礎上頒布了《修正寺廟興辦公益慈善事業實施辦法》，一定程度上得到了施行。1943年8月，重慶國民政府再次修正《寺廟興辦公益慈善事業實施辦法》，大幅提高寺廟出資標準，經過佛教界的一番抗爭之後，最終雙方相互妥協，1944年5月，重慶國民政府第三次修正了《寺廟興辦公益慈善事業實施辦法》。1948年1月，南京國民政府徹底廢除了《寺廟興辦公益慈善事業實施辦法》。然而，1949年之後，此《辦法》在新的時空環境下，以新的形式繼續存在，其餘緒流波至今依然蕩漾。

The“Implementation Measures for Establishing Public Welfare Charities in Temples”was an important document for the administration of Buddhism by the Nanjing Nationalist Government. The interactions between government and religion from the introduction of the“Implementation Measures”all the way to its eventual abolition effectively exemplify“Human Buddhism.”The main aim of this article is to reconstruct the document’s historical trajectory.
The Nanjing Nationalist Government first promulgated the“Implementation Measures”in September 1932. This sparked protests from the Buddhist community due to issues such as the disposal rights of temple property, prompting the Nanjing Nationalist Government to announce a temporary suspension of implementation in February 1933. Subsequently, the Buddhist community independently formulated the“Rules for Establishing Charity and Public Welfare in Buddhist Temples.”After revision by the Nanjing government, it was promulgated in January 1935. On the basis of these“Rules,”the Chongqing Nationalist Government promulgated the“Revised Implementation Measures for Establishing Public Welfare Charities in Temples”in October 1939, which was implemented to a certain extent. In August 1943, the Chongqing Nationalist Government again revised the“Implementation Measures for Establishing Public Welfare Charities in Temples,”significantly increasing the contribution standards of temples. After a series of struggles in the Buddhist community, both sides finally reached a compromise, and in May 1944, the Chongqing Nationalist Government promulgated the third revision of the“Implementation Measures.”In January 1948, the Nanjing Nationalist Government completely abolished the“Implementation Measures.”Still, after 1949, the measures continued to exist in new forms under new spatiotemporal conditions, and their influence continues to ripple through to the present day.