日本大學世界排名現況與因應措施

A Study on the Current Status of Japanese University World Rankings and Countermeasures

本研究透過文獻分析，探討近年日本高等教育受到全球化大學排名之現況、影響高等教育排名之因素，以及公部門對大學排名的看法與因應措施，提出結論。研究結果發現，排名面向，包括教學、研究環境、研究品質、產學合作、國際展望、教育能力等項目評比，排名會依據評比項目重點和比重，在排名上會有發生變化。不同評比機構有不同指標，相同機構的評比指標每年也會有所調整和變更其比重，學界和大學大多審慎看待排名變化。另外，現行以歐美為主的大學排名方式，基本上對於英語系國家似乎較有優勢。儘管排名多少會影響大學聲望和國家形象，但日本頂尖大學似乎不會刻意追求，基本上在國內外的大學排名多少會有所變動，但排名前十大學還是以國家重點的國立大學為主，近年也有若干私立大學偶爾得以進入日本前十大。日本社會和學界也不會因為排名，對傳統名校有太大的認知改變。實際上日本政府和學界在政策的擬定和學校經營也會受到排名的指標影響，也認為基本上若能積極的重視排名指標加以改善和強化，注重教學研究，將會有利於排名的反映以及大學評鑑和營運績效。

This study, through a literature review, explores the current state of Japanese higher education in recent years under the influence of global university rankings, the factors affecting higher education rankings, and the perspectives and responses of the public sector to university rankings, and presents conclusions. The results of the study found that the rankings are oriented to the evaluation of teaching, research environment, research quality, industry-university cooperation, international outlook, educational capabilities and other projects. The rankings will change based on the focus and proportion of the evaluation projects. Different evaluation institutions have different indicators, and the evaluation indicators of the same institution will be adjusted and changed every year. Most academic circles and universities treat ranking changes with caution. In addition, the current university ranking method, which is mainly based in Europe and the United States, basically seems to have an advantage over countries with English departments. Although rankings may influence the reputation of universities and the national image to some extent, Japan's top universities do not seem to deliberately pursue high rankings. Generally, university rankings both domestically and internationally fluctuate to some extent, but the top ten universities are still predominantly national universities with traditional key focuses. In recent years, a few private universities have occasionally entered Japan's top ten. Japanese society and academia do not significantly alter their perception of traditional elite schools solely based on rankings. Japanese society and academia will not have much change in their perception of traditional elite schools because of rankings. In fact, the Japanese government and academic circles are also influenced by ranking indicators in policy formulation and school operations.at the same time believed that actively focusing on improving and strengthening ranking indicators, with an emphasis on teaching and research, will be beneficial for reflecting rankings and optimizing university evaluations.